Term
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Definition
| developmental transition between childhood and adulthood entailing major physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes. |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which a person attains sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce. |
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Term
| primary sex characteristics |
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Definition
organs directly related to reproduction, which enlarge and mature during adolescence.
female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, clitoris, vagina
male: testes, penis, scrotum, semial vesicles, prostate gland |
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Term
| secondary sex characteristics |
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Definition
physiological signs of sexual maturation (such as breast development and growth of body hair) that do not involve the sex organs.
females: breasts
males: broad shoulders
both: voice and skin texture, muscular development, the growth of public, facial, axillary, and body hair. |
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Term
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Definition
sharp increase in height in weight that precedes sexual maturity.
girls: ages 9.5 to 14.5 (usually at about 10)
boys: ages 10.5 to 16 (usually at 12 or 13) |
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Term
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Definition
| trend that can be seen only by observing several generations, such as the trend toward earlier attainment of adult height and sexual maturity, which began a century ago in some countries. |
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Term
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Definition
descriptive and evaluative beliefs about one's appearance.
often begins in middle childhood or earlier, intensifies in adolescence, and may lead to obsessive efforts at weight control. |
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Term
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Definition
| eating disorder characterized by self-starvation. |
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Term
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Definition
| eating disorder in which a person regularly eats huge quantities of food and then purges the body by laxatives, induced vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise. |
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Term
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Definition
| repeated, harmful use of a substance, usually alcohol or other drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
addiction (physical, or psychological, or both) to a harmful substance.
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Term
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Definition
| Piaget's final stage of cognitive development, characterized by the ability to think abstractly. |
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Term
| hypothetical-deductive reasoning |
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Definition
| ability, believed by Piaget to accompany the stage of formal operations, to develop, consider, and test hypotheses. |
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Term
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Definition
acquired factual knowledge stored in long-term memory.
for example:
knowing that 2 + 2 = 4
George Washington was the first U.S. president |
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Term
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Definition
acquired skills stored in long-term memory.
for example:
knowing how to drive a car |
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Term
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Definition
acquired interpretive understandings stored in long-term memory.
for example:
why an algebraic equation remains ture if the same amount is added or subtracted from both sides. |
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Term
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Definition
first level of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning in which control is external and rules are obeyed in order to gain rewards or avoid punishment or out of self-interest.
typical of children ages 4-10. |
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Term
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Definition
second level in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning in which standards of authority in figures are internalized.
concerned about being "good", pleasing others, and maintaining the social order.
typically reached after age 10 |
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Term
| postconventional morality |
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Definition
| third level of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, in which people follow internally held moral principles and can decide among conflicting moral standards. |
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Term
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Definition
personal involvement in schooling, work, family, or other activity.
coming to class on time, being prepared, listening and responding to the teacher, and obeying school rules. |
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