Term
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Definition
| Enhances CYP metabolism of theophylline |
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Term
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Definition
| Enhances CYP metabolism of carbamazepine, clonazepam and itraconazole |
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Term
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Definition
| Enhances CYP metabolism of Steroid Hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| Sedative that Enhances CYP metabolism of warfarin |
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Term
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Definition
| Enhances CYP metabolism of antipyrine, glutethimide, warfarin |
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Term
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Definition
| Antifungal Enhances CYP metabolism of warfarin |
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Term
| Phenobarbital and other barbituates |
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Definition
| Enhances CYP metabolism of barbituates, chloramphenical, chlorpomazine, cortisol, coumarin anticoagulants, desmethylimipramine, digitoxin, doxorubicin, estradiol, itraconazole, phenylbutazone, phenytoin, qunine, testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
| Enhances CYP metabolism of Aminopyrine, cortisol, digitoxin |
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Term
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Definition
| Anti Seizure medication Enhances CYP metabolism of cortisol, digitoxin, dexamethasone, itraconazole, theophylline |
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Term
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Definition
| Enhances CYP metabolism of Oral contraceptive, anticoagulants, digitoxin, glucocorticoids, itraconazole, methadone, metoprolol, prednisone, propanolol, quinidine, saquinavir |
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Term
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Definition
| Enhances CYP metabolism of midazolam |
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Term
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Definition
| Enhances CYP metabolism of alprazolam, oral contraceptives, digoxin, warfarin, cyclosporine, indinavir, ritonavir, simvastatin, tacrolimus |
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Term
| Warfarin Metabolism Inducers |
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Definition
| Rifampin, barbituates, st. john's wort. If you discontinue the inducer, the plasma level will increase, |
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Term
| Stron inhibitors of CYP3A4 |
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Definition
| Ketoconazole, erythromycin, itraconazole |
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Term
| Implication of inhibition of CYP |
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Definition
| Increased plasma levels of drugs and toxic effects as a result |
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Term
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Definition
| Antihistamine which was a 3A4 inhibitor, caused fatal cardiac arrhytmias |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduced metabolism of chlordiazepoxide causing increased plasma conc |
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Term
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Definition
| Suicide inhibitor of CYP 450. This inactivates the P450 and causes increases in plasma conc of drugs. Inhibit CYP3A4 |
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Term
| Young and old enzyme activity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| semi permable barrier which carries out hydroxylation, N-dealkylation, demethylation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs going to the fetus go through the 1st pass effect twice. It can inactivate most drugs but if the metabolite is toxic or it is a pro drug this can cause extra toxicity |
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Term
| Metabolism in infant and children |
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Definition
| Activiy of P450 is much lower. Glucoronide formation only starts aroudn 3-4 years. However if drugs are sulfated, the metabolism of toddlers may exceed adults |
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Term
| Geriatric Drug metabolism |
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Definition
| Some (not all drugs) have decreased metabolism. Most phase 1 reactions occur more slowly. Conjugative enzyme work at roughly the same pace. Age can also cause low blood flow or injury which affects metabolism |
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Term
| Charbroiled Food+ Cruiciferous Vegetables |
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Definition
| Induces CYP1A causing increased drug metabolism. Therefore increaed metabolism, shorter half life |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases CYP2E1. Causes an increased metabolism of drug, therefore shorter half life |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes decreased P450 activity causing less metabolism of drugs and increased half life |
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Term
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Definition
| Less membrane/CYP450 function leading to less metabolism and higher half lifes |
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Term
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Definition
| Leads to impairment of phase I metabolism |
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Term
| Vitamin and mineral deficiencies |
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Definition
| Lower P450 activity leading to less metabolism and increased half life |
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Term
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Definition
| Induces CYP2E1 causing high metabolism and decreased half life |
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Term
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Definition
| Low P450 activity leading to decreased metabolism and increased half life |
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Term
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Definition
| Deficient in UDP glucuronosyl transferase, uses sulfate conjugation instead meaning that there will be lower clearance rates |
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Term
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Definition
| Because animals metabolize at such different rates, it is difficult to extrapolate data to humans. This makes animal studies less effective |
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Term
| Acute or chronic liver disease |
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Definition
| Alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic or chronic hepatitis, viral or drug induced hepatitis, hemochromatosis. All of these increase half life of drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leads to impaired enzyme activity leading to less metabolism and increased half life |
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Term
| Flow dependent elimination |
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Definition
| Some drugs are metabolized rapidly by the liver so the limiting step is how fast the heart can pump the drug to it. Include alprenolol, amitriptyline, clomethiazole, labetalol, isoniazid, impramine, desipramine, lodocaine, meperidine, morphine, pentazocine, propoxyphene, propranolol, verapamil |
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Term
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Definition
| Impairs hydrolysis of procaine, increased half life of antipyrine in lung cancer patients |
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Term
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Definition
| Release inflammatory mediators, inactivate p450 causing decreased metabolism and increased half life |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypothyroidism leads to increased half life of antipyrine, digoxin, beta blockers |
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Term
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Definition
| leads to decreased half life of antipyrine, digoxin, beta blockers |
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Term
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Definition
| INcreased metabolism due to CYP450 leading to faster metabolism and shorter half lifes |
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Term
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Definition
Up regulation of 2C9 and 2D6, (40% of drug phase 1 metabolism)
Down regulation of 2C19. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deconjugate glucoronic acid, sulfates, glycine, leads to drugs be unconjugated and absorbed. Can vary based on antibiotics and diet |
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Term
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Definition
| Variation in more than 1 percent of population |
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Term
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Definition
| Can impact drug distribution, metabolism and elimination. Can be the drug itself causing a variation |
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Term
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Definition
| Physiochemical interactions can change drug availability. |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms a black precipitate when exposed to aluminum |
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Term
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Definition
| chelates with divalent cations (ca+2) |
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Term
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Definition
| Interfere with bacterial lysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits activate secretion of penicillin |
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Term
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Definition
| prevents drug reabsorption (increases excretion of weak acids |
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Term
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Definition
| Bind 2 seperate receptors by 2 seperate drugs results in additive effect (nitroglycerin + viagra) leads to hypotension |
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