Term
|
Regulation re preflight planning requires the pilot to do these four things, and these two things re fuel requirements… |
|
Definition
|
Become familiar with ALL available information concerning the flight, including…
Determine runway lengths available
Takeoff and landing distance needed
Alternate course of action, if flight can not be completed as planned
Fuel – Daytime requirement is 30 minutes beyond destination at normal cruise speed
Fuel – Nighttime requirement is 45 minutes beyond destination at normal cruise speed |
|
|
Term
|
Inoperative equipment problems found in pre-flight inspection – 3 options… |
|
Definition
|
Cancel the flight
Get it fixed
Defer maintenance, when allowed. |
|
|
Term
|
Under what conditions may a plane with inoperative equipment be flown?
How to determine this? |
|
Definition
Can fly if it’s NOT required by any of these 3 things (Think ATF)…
Airworthiness Directives
Type Design
FARs (Federal Aviation Regs)
To determine this, consult the airplane manual, or the…
FAR 91.205 AND Airworthiness Directives |
|
|
Term
|
Deferred maintenance, when used in connection with a list is allowed...
Under what reg?
Name of that list?
How is the list created?
3 more things to know about it … |
|
Definition
|
Under FAR 91.213(d)
MEL - Minimum Equipment List – To use for your own airplane (typically a jet), a Master MEL must be customized as to how your own plane is equipped, and that list then submitted in writing to the local FSDO (Flight Standards District Office).
Once approved, that MEL must be kept on board
Once created, the MEL must be used. That is the pilot can no longer chose whether to rely on the MEL, or the provisions of 91.213(d)
For a given piece of equipment, the length of time for the deferment corresponds to the letter assigned in the MEL to that equipment, with higher letters corresponding to longer periods of deferment. |
|
|
Term
|
Inoperative equipment, with deferred maintenance...
What’s the relevant regulation?
What does that reg require as to the relevant equipment? |
|
Definition
|
FAR 91.213(d)
The inoperative equipment must be deactivated or removed, and…
Placard placed on the item or switch. |
|
|
Term
|
Maximum airspeed allowed below 10,000’... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Maximum airspeed allowed as regards Class B airspace, and...
Something to know about this limit… |
|
Definition
|
200 knots
This applies inside of it, VFR corridors through it, and that airspace underlying it.
|
|
|
Term
|
Maximum airspeed allowed around Class D airports:
The speed
The radius w/in and
The height above the AP? |
|
Definition
|
200 knots
Within 4 NMs and
Below 2,500’ AGL. |
|
|
Term
|
Altitudes / Direction of flight for VFR...
What mnemonic used?
At what altitude do these regs apply?
Based on what type of course / heading?
Long form description? |
|
Definition
|
ONE – Odd North or East
Apply when above 3,500 AGL
Alphabetical - Based on magnetic Course, not the magnetic heading
East (and due North): Odd thousands, plus 500’
West (and due South): Even thousands, plus 500’ |
|
|
Term
|
NMAC – For what does the acronym stand?
How defined? |
|
Definition
|
Near Mid Air Collision
Defined as an aircraft passing within a distance of <500 feet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Report immediately, by radio, or cell phone if necessary, to one of the following agencies, in this order of preference:
Nearest ATC facility
Nearest FSS (Flight Service Station)
In writing, to the FSDO (Flight Standards District Office) |
|
|
Term
|
FSDO - For what does the acronym stand? |
|
Definition
|
Flight Standards District Office
|
|
|
Term
|
No person may operate an aircraft in formation flight, unless… |
|
Definition
|
Except by prior arrangement with the pilot in command of each aircraft. |
|
|
Term
|
Acrobatic Flight – where allowed? |
|
Definition
|
In Class Echo & Golf airspace, except for these 4 exceptions…
Less than 3 miles visibility
4nm of the centerline of a Federal Airway
Over congested areas
Under 1,500’ AGL |
|
|
Term
Medical Certificates – 1st and 2nd class are required for… |
|
Definition
|
Commercial operations
1st class for the captain of an airliner.
2nd class for other commercial operations. |
|
|
Term
|
1st Class Medical Certificate...
How long is it valid?
What happens after expiration? |
|
Definition
|
Over 40 years old: 6 months
Under 40 years old: 12 months
After expiration, a 1st class med downgrades to a 2nd class med (which itself is valid for 12 months), and then downgrades to a 3rd class. |
|
|
Term
|
2nd Class Medical Certificate – How long is it valid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Private pilot operations – For how long is one’s medical certificate valid? |
|
Definition
|
Over 40 years old: 2 years (24 Calendar months, i.e. to the END of the given month).
Under 40 years old: 5 years, (60 calendar months, i.e. to the END of the given month). |
|
|
Term
|
BasicMed – 3 limitations re aircraft.
IFR OK?
Limitations re altitude and speed?
For hire / instruction?
International limitations? |
|
Definition
|
Aircraft with no more than...
6 seats (by design, not removal of seats :)
No more than 6 people in the plane, including the pilot
6,000 lb. max takeoff weight
VFR and IFR both OK
Up to 18,000’, and up to 250 kts IAS
Not for hire, but OK for flight instruction
Domestic only, unless the other country allows it. |
|
|
Term
|
BasicMed Requirements...
2 re ID
4 re the Medical
1 re the MD
1 re the medical apt? |
|
Definition
|
US Driver’s License (not an international DL)
Must agree to a National Driver Register check
FAA Medical must have been held after 7/14/06
Medical Education Course, every 24 Calendar months.
Keep copy of this Course Completion Certificate in the pilot logbook
Comprehensive Medical Exam (CME) every 48 months (NOT calendar months, so it expires on the same day of the month, 4 years later)
The CME physician does not have to be an AME, but simply state-licensed
Checklist for the doctor can be found at www.faa.gov, and go to CMEC or to AC 68-1 |
|
|
Term
|
BasicMed – Medical conditions requiring a one-time special issuance… |
|
Definition
|
Cardiovascular issues like Heart attack etc.
Neurological events like epilepsy
Mental Health issues like psychosis, delusions, hallucinations |
|
|
Term
|
Adverse medical conditions require…
|
|
Definition
|
Grounding oneself, or…
Being treated by a physician |
|
|
Term
|
Accidents...
Definition?
What’s required afterwards?
How soon after? |
|
Definition
|
Death or serious injury to a person, or…
Substantial damage to an aircraft (at least $25,000)
An accident requires immediate notification of NTSB, but no later than…
10 days after. |
|
|
Term
|
Listed Incident...
Definition?
What’s required afterwards? |
|
Definition
|
Affects safe operations, but not an accident.
An incident requires immediate notification to the NTSB, but only if when it’s REQUESTED |
|
|
Term
|
Listed Incident – Eight examples… |
|
Definition
|
Begins w/ OTC, as in over-the-counter…Overdue aircraft believed to be involved in an accident
TCAS/ACAS – Pilot having had to comply with a resolution advisory when IFR
Crewmember cannot perform duties due to illness
Loss of information, from more than 50% of the electronic displays
Fire, In-flight
Flight control failure
Prop - Separation or release of at least part of a propeller during flight
Internal turbine engine component – Failure that results in the escape of debris, other than out the exhaust |
|
|
Term
|
Re certification of airmen, CATEGORIES of aircraft include… |
|
Definition
|
Think alphabetically for airmen, with Category before Class, the MORE defining characteristics of an aircraft would be…
Airplane, glider, rotorcraft, lighter-than-air |
|
|
Term
Re certification of airmen, CLASSES of aircraft include… |
|
Definition
|
Think alphabetically for airmen, with Class after Category, the LESS defining characteristics of an aircraft would be…
Within Airplane: Single engine land, single engine sea, multi-engine land, multi-engine sea. |
|
|
Term
|
Re certification of airmen, TYPES of aircraft include what? And when is a type rating required? |
|
Definition
|
Within Airplane: The make and model (i.e. Cessna 172).
Type rating required…
If the gross weight exceeds 12,500 lbs.
For any turbojet, regardless of weight. |
|
|
Term
|
Re certification of aircraft, CLASSES of aircraft include… |
|
Definition
|
Think COUNTER-alphabetically for aircraft, so with Class coming AFTER Category, the MORE defining characteristics of an aircraft would be…
Airplane, glider, rotorcraft, lighter-than-air, and Powered Lift (i.e. Osprey or Harrier) |
|
|
Term
|
Re certification of aircraft, CATEGORIES of Aircraft… |
|
Definition
|
Think COUNTER-alphabetically for aircraft, so with Category coming before Class, the LESS defining characteristics of an aircraft would be… (No.Ug.A.Royals.Exc.Lorde)
Normal
Utility – limited maneuvers and aerobatics
Aerobatic
Restricted (i.e. crop dusting or fire bomber) may not fly over densely populated areas
Experimental (i.e. homebuilt) cannot operate along congested airways, or over densely populated areas, without specific permission
Limited |
|
|
Term
|
If a plane is purchased that’s been operating with a Dealership Certificate of Registration, how long is that registration good for after purchase? |
|
Definition
|
It must be immediately registered by the new owner (all other temporary allowances apply to the selling dealer, not the buyer) |
|
|
Term
|
If any alteration or repair has been made, what’s then required? |
|
Definition
|
Before carrying passengers, the aircraft must be test flown by…
An appropriately rated pilot (at least private), and…
Approved before returning to service |
|
|
Term
|
Aircraft of the same category are converging (not head-on)...
Which craft has right-of-way?
And if NOT of the same category, then which aircraft has priority?
Two other things relating to this rule… |
|
Definition
|
The one on the Right has right-of-way.
If NOT of the same category, then the less maneuverable craft has right-of-way.
Airplanes and helicopters are considered equally maneuverable.
One aircraft towing another (glider-towing, or an in-air refueling) has right-of-way over any engine-driven aircraft, but NOT over a glider (since the glider needs to remain in its source of lift). |
|
|
Term
|
What is the minimum safe altitude for a pilot to operate an aircraft anywhere (i.e. the least restrictive)? |
|
Definition
|
An altitude allowing an emergency landing, if power unit fails, without undue hazard to persons or property on the surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Minimum altitude if flying over an area other than a congested area… |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Minimum altitude if flying over sparsely populated area, i.e. open water, dessert, empty fields… |
|
Definition
|
500’ away from any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure
But apart from this consideration, there’s no minimum altitude requirement over these areas
|
|
|
Term
|
Minimum altitude if flying over a congested area... |
|
Definition
|
At least 1,000 vertical feet above the top of the highest obstacle within a 2,000’ radius. |
|
|
Term
|
Documents required to be kept on board at all times (with or without pilot), and when does each of these docs expire: |
|
Definition
|
AROW
Airworthiness certificate - Never expires, as long as the aircraft is maintained and operated according to FAA regulations
Registration – Expires 3 years after the previous expiration (think of the 3”R”s, Reading, wRiting, aRithmetic)
Operating Limitations – Located in the Flight manual, or the Aircraft’s POH (Pilot Operating Handbook)
Weight and Balance |
|
|
Term
|
Documents required to be in your personal possession when flying… |
|
Definition
|
Think PPM, as in parts per million
Pilot certificate
Photo ID
Medical certificate (if required) |
|
|
Term
|
In an experimental or special light sport aircraft, 3 things to know about the Operating Limitations… |
|
Definition
|
Think S.A.R.s disease–
Separate document
Attached to the Airworthiness certificate
Restrictions – The Operating Limitations lists restrictions on operations (i.e. cannot operate along congested airways, or over densely populated areas, without specific permission) |
|
|
Term
|
Airworthiness Directives – 5 things to know… |
|
Definition
|
Think CIM CA
Corrects a safety problem
Issued by FAA
Mandatory compliance
Compliance completion must be in aircraft maintenance logbooks
Aircraft NOT in compliance can be flown only if allowed by the AD |
|
|
Term
|
Criteria for being “High Performance” is… |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Criteria for being “Complex Airplane” is… |
|
Definition
|
Retractable landing gear…
Flaps, AND…
Propeller is variable pitch / controllable |
|
|
Term
|
To tow gliders, what’s required of the pilot? |
|
Definition
|
100 hours as pilot-in-command in the same category, class, and type
Make 3 glider tows within the last 12 months with a qualified pilot |
|
|
Term
|
Deviation from a Regulation in order to meet an in-flight emergency requires what, as regards reporting? |
|
Definition
|
Written report (to the FAA?) …
But required ONLY if requested by the FAA |
|
|
Term
|
Deviation from ATC clearance in an emergency requires what in the way of reporting, and to whom? |
|
Definition
|
Submit report within 48 hours…
To the FAA…
But only if requested by ATC |
|
|
Term
|
In emergency, with NO deviation from ATC clearance, but when given priority, what’s required in the way of reporting, and to whom? |
|
Definition
|
Submit report within 48 hours…
To the ATC chief…
But only if requested by ATC |
|
|
Term
|
Annual inspection occurs / expires… |
|
Definition
|
Every 12 CALENDAR months (i.e. it expires at the END of the 12th month) |
|
|
Term
|
Logging of the annual inspection… |
|
Definition
|
Think CDRW (a rewritable CD)
Inspection is Completed
Date
Returned to service
Who did the work. |
|
|
Term
Annual condition inspections relate to what? |
|
Definition
|
Experimental airworthiness certificate (home built), or a…
Light Sport |
|
|
Term
|
100-hour inspections...
Required for whom?
Any variance allowed? |
|
Definition
|
Required for rental aircraft used for flight training (and are in addition to the annual)
May exceed the 100 hours by no more than 10 hours, but only in order to reach the location where the inspection will be performed.
That excess time is deducted from the next 100-hour inspection requirement. |
|
|
Term
|
Transponder must be tested and inspected how frequently? |
|
Definition
|
Within the preceding 24 Calendar months |
|
|
Term
|
Alcohol consumption:
Time before flying?
Maximum B.A.C?
Definition of 1 drink?
How long is 1 drink detectable? |
|
Definition
|
8 hours “from bottle to throttle”
Less than .04%
1 oz liquor / 1 bottle beer / 4 oz wine
1 drink detectable for 3 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Alcohol or drug offense – what must be reported, how, to whom, and when? |
|
Definition
|
Any conviction (but not arrest) either caused by, or involving alcohol or drugs must be submitted…
By a written report to the FAA CASD (Civil Aviation Security Division)…
No later than 60 days after conviction |
|
|
Term
|
Change of address must be reported within what length of time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Lights on wingtips etc.
They’re called what?
Which color on which wing? |
|
Definition
|
Position Lights.
Red on left wing (think Red Port {port wine}), not visible from behind.
Green on right wing, not visible from behind
White lights can be either 1) The aft -facing steady white position light, or 2) the forward facing steady white landing light.
Red flashing beacon light – either above or below fuselage, and can be visible from any direction. |
|
|
Term
|
Position lights must be turned on when… |
|
Definition
|
From sunset to sunrise, except in Alaska |
|
|
Term
|
Loss of communication radio –
The correct protocol when approaching a towered airport… |
|
Definition
|
Observe traffic flow
Enter the pattern
Look for light gun signal from the tower |
|
|
Term
|
Acknowledge having received a light gun signal from the tower by doing what...
In daylight in air?
In daylight on the ground?
At night in the air?
At night on the ground? |
|
Definition
|
Daylight in the air: Rocking your wings
Daylight on the ground: Moving ailerons and rudder
At night in the air: Flash landing light
At night on the ground: Flash landing light. |
|
|
Term
|
Preventative Maintenance can be performed by whom?
And the regulation allowing that is… |
|
Definition
|
Preventative Maintenance can be performed by even by a student pilot, but…
The aircraft can only be returned to service by a private pilot or higher
The regulation allowing this is 14 CFR Part 43.7 (only the 43 part is necessary to memorize) |
|
|
Term
|
Maintenance Records Entries for DYI preventative maintenance – What’s required? |
|
Definition
|
Think SCCD – So Cold Certain DEath
Signature
Certificate Number
Certificate Kind
Description of work |
|
|
Term
|
To determine airworthiness, in addition to the preflight inspection, the pilot should also… |
|
Definition
|
Review the maintenance records (logbook) |
|
|
Term
|
Can a private pilot ever act as PIC carrying passengers who are paying for the flight?
If so, under what circumstances? |
|
Definition
|
Yes, but only if the payment is in the form of a donation, and goes to the relevant charity (and not to the pilot). |
|
|
Term
|
Supplemental Oxygen requirements (re cabin-pressure altitudes)… |
|
Definition
|
12,500’ MSL and below - O2 is not mandatory
Above 12,500’ MSL, up to and including 14,000’ MSL – Required for crew, after 30 minutes.
Above 14,000’ MSL – Crew at all times
Above 15,000’ MSL – Must also be made available to each passenger |
|
|
Term
|
ELT – Emergency Locator Transmitter –
The frequencies, for civilian, both analog and digital?
Frequency for military?
What differentiates the digital frequency?
How is an ELT activated? |
|
Definition
Civilian analog: 121.5 MHz
Military: 243.0 MHz (think of the military’s 243.0 as being double the analog’s 121.5)
Civilian digital: 406 MHz
The digital frequency is…
Monitored by GPS
Transmits info about the aircraft, such as: Owner, Tail number, Type, and Location
Activation based by exceeding a G force multiple.
|
|
|
Term
|
ELT – Emergency Locator Transmitter Inspections –
How often?
What exactly is inspected? |
|
Definition
|
Inspected within 12 Calendar months of the last inspection
Inspected for (think I.B.O)…
I Installed properly
B Battery corrosion
O Operating properly |
|
|
Term
|
ELT – Emergency Locator Transmitter -
Who may perform inspections, and who may perform (non-inspection) tests?
Something else to know about (non-inspection) tests … |
|
Definition
|
Can be inspected only by approved technician…
However, the pilot can test an older ELT by flipping the switch, but only in the first 5 minutes after the hour. |
|
|
Term
|
ELT – Emergency Locator Transmitter Battery replacement / recharging how often? |
|
Definition
|
When 50% of its useful life expires, or...
The transmitter has been in use for more than one cumulative hour |
|
|
Term
How to check for accidental ELT activation (for instance, after a hard landing)? |
|
Definition
Monitor 121.5 before engine shutdown, and listen for siren-like tone |
|
|
Term
|
Safety belt / Shoulder harness requirements for crew… |
|
Definition
|
Safety belts during taxi, takeoff and landing, and while on route (unless it interferes with duties)
Shoulder harness during takeoff and landing, but not while on route |
|
|
Term
|
Safety belt / Shoulder harness requirements for passengers?
When would these requirements NOT apply?
What’s required of the P.I.C? |
|
Definition
|
Safety belts and shoulder harness during taxi, takeoff and landing
None required while on route
The Safety belt / Shoulder harness requirements do not apply to children under 2 being held by an adult, or to skydivers.
P.I.C. must explain when to use, plus how to use and remove (specifically how they differ from auto seat belts) |
|
|
Term
|
Climbing or descending VFR on an airway – what’s recommended? |
|
Definition
|
Gentle banks, left and right, in order to scan the airspace ahead of you |
|
|
Term
|