Term
|
Definition
| A very long molecular chain, formed by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance that is broken down naturally in the environment by other living organisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A polymer that breaks down completely into carbon dioxide and water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A carbon atom attached to four different atoms or groups of atoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A special type of E/Z isomerism in which each carbon of the C=C double bond carries the same atom or group: the cis isomer (Z isomer) has that group on each carbon on the same side; the trans isomer (E isomer) has that group on each carbon on different sides. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A reaction in which two small molecules react together to form a larger molecule with the elimination of a small molecule such as water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A polymer that breaks down into smaller fragments when exposed to light, heat or moisture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An elimination reaction in which water is removed from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of stereoisomerism in which different groups attached to each carbon of a C=C double bond may be arranged differently in space because of the restricted rotation of the C=C bond. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other; also called ‘optical isomers’. |
|
|
Term
| High-density lipoprotein (HDL) |
|
Definition
| A type of lipoprotein that can remove cholesterol from the arteries and transport it back to the liver for excretion or re-utilisation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A reaction with water that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds; the H and OH in a water molecule becomes incorporated into the two compounds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The point at which an amino acid has no overall charge. |
|
|
Term
| Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) |
|
Definition
| A type of lipoprotein responsible for carrying cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the tissues. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A small molecule that combines with many other monomers to form a polymer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other; also called ‘enantiomers’. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A compound containing amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Often the number of amino acids is indicated by the prefix, di-, tri-, tetra-: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A long molecular chain built up from monomer units. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A specific arrangement of atoms that occurs in the structure over and over again. Repeat units are included in brackets, outside which is the symbol n. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of the atoms in space. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A dipolar ionic form of an amino acid that is formed by the donation of a hydrogen ion from the carboxyl group to the amino group. As both charges are present there is no overall charge. |
|
|
