Term
|
Definition
| - god who was the enemy of tooth worms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - dental fiber pencil made of wood rich in sodium bicarbonate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- materials for restoring teeth and other tissues in the oral cavity
- also materials for dental instruments and appliances |
|
|
Term
| Reasons why dental materials are still important |
|
Definition
- increased concern over aesthetics
- many new materials introduced
- wider variety of treatments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - strength, hardness, stiffness, ductility, toughness, viscoelasticity, war resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - solubility and corrosion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, optic, biocompatability, manipulative and cost |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - dental alginates, dental plaster |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - amalgams, cast alloys, titanium implants, direct gold, wires, orthodontic brackets, solders, instruments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - inlays, full crown, PFM, bridges, partial dentures, RPD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - porcelain, crown core ceramics, abrasive instruments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - adhesives, impression materials, dentures and other prosthodontic materials, waxes, mouth protectors, pit and fissure sealants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - direct aesthetic restorative materials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - biocompatability and aesthetics (optical properties) |
|
|
Term
| new directions in biomaterials |
|
Definition
| - tissue engineering and biomimetic materials |
|
|
Term
| important physical properties |
|
Definition
| - mechanical, chemical, thermal and electrical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - elastic, viscoelastic, other time dependent properties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - strength, proportional limit, ductility, stiffness, resilience, toughness and hardness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ultimate strength properties |
|
Definition
| - tensile and compressive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - % elongation and % reduction in area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - stress relaxation and creep |
|
|
Term
| other time dependent mechanical properties |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - responses of materials to forces and displacements |
|
|
Term
| conditions in oral environment which cause materials to fail (bend, break, wear, dent) |
|
Definition
| - biting forces, accidents, caries, cracks, chemical attack |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
___ = force/area
- not mechanical or material property, more closely related to pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Materials that can withstand high stress are _____. |
|
|
Term
a. tension
b. compression
c. shear
d. torsion
e. bending/flexing |
|
Definition
a. pulling from either side
b. pushing on either side
c. pushing from the edge of one side and the edge of another side
d. twisting
e. putting forces on the ends of a materials and in the middle of that material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ = change in length/original length OR the deformation length/original length |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In a stress-strain curve, the closer to 0 on Strain you are the more ____ a material, whereas the further from 0 you are the more ____ a material is. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the closer you are to 0 on stress you are, the more ____ a material, whereas the further you are from 0 on Stress the more ____ a material. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- point in stress-strain curve where material fails
- tensile strength compressive strength |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- % elongation
- change in length/original length x 100 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - energy to deform material elastically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - energy to deform and fracture a material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - resistance of a material to permanent indentation or penetration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - properties unique to a material, not a function of size or shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ and ____ are NOT materials properties |
|
|
Term
1. most human tissue
2. hydrocolloidal materials
3. most polymers
4. rarely metals and ceramics |
|
Definition
| 4 Materials that do not undergo stress-strain changes immediately |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - instantaneous time independent deformation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - elastic, retarded, viscous |
|
|
Term
| retarded elastic deformation |
|
Definition
| - time dependent deformation that is recoverable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - time dependent permanent deformation (flow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - decreased in load over time under constant strain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - permanent strain that increases with time under constant load |
|
|
Term
1. strength dependence
2. deformation over time
3. energy resorption |
|
Definition
| 3 reasons viscoelastic properties are important |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| time dependent mechanical properties |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- two body versus three body wear
- adhesive wear, abrasive wear, corrosive wear, surface fatigue wear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- stress at which material fractures after a certain number of cyclic loads
- much lower than ultimate strength and commonly lower than yield strength |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- max stress vs. number of cycles to failure
- endurance limit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- adsorption plus absorption
- includes surface phenomena of material adhering to surface
- material absorbs a media |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - whether a liquid will flow over a surface or bead up |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - high surface energy material is (easily/more difficultly) wet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| galvanism and electrochemical corrosion |
|
Definition
| - forms electrical currents that cause pain, corrosion of restorations leading to function loss or biocompatibility, metallic taste in mout |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - wound closure, stabilize/replace/put back tissue, hemostasis, keep bony tissues covered, hold medicament or surgical drain in place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The more 0s, the ____ the diameter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smaller the size the ____ tensile strength. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Body digests guy sutures using ____ ____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If the suture is synthetic, it is broken down by _____ in tissue fluids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If the material is _______ they become encapsulated by body's fibroblasts. |
|
|
Term
| classification of suture materials |
|
Definition
| - size and number of filaments |
|
|
Term
| kinds of gut suture material |
|
Definition
| - plain/untreated, chromic/tanned, fast guy/heat treated, synthetic |
|
|
Term
| other materials used for sutures |
|
Definition
| - silk, gut, nylon, cotton, surgical steel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - manufacturer clamps thread onto needle |
|
|
Term
| polypropylene, nylon, polyester, silk, gut |
|
Definition
List these materials in order from least reactive (non-resorbable) to most reactive (resorbable).
- polyester, silk, nylon, gut and poltpropylene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - most commonly used suture, versatile, sometimes called "simple suture" |
|
|
Term
| single sling/continuous sling |
|
Definition
| - often used in periodontal surgery, allows for independent positioning of 2 flaps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - box-like suture, used in areas where there is wide interproximal spaces (implants) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - used in areas where the interproximal space in restricted but needs the security of a bod-like suture (bone grafts) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - holds hemostatic agents in place (sockets) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - generally used in edentulous areas, cover multiple teeth in uninterrupted sewing process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: When suturing, you start with the least attached tissue and pull toward the most anchored tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: When suturing, it is twice toward you and once away. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - definitive procedure designed to reduce inflammation, remove diseased tissue, and eliminate periodontal pockets in order to improve health of tissue and increase longevity of teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- placed over gingival wounds to protect, control post-op bleeding and prevent further pain and injury
- usually not necessary after subgingival curettage
- no curative powers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - zinc oxide and eugenol containing and non-eugenol containing |
|
|
Term
| eugenol containing dressings |
|
Definition
| - Made with zinc oxide and rosin powder and eugenol liquid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - aka oil of cloves, sedative effects and obtundent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fatty acids and resins, zinc oxide |
|
Definition
Smaller tube in Coe Pak consists of _____ and ____ which make up the catalyst.
The larger tube in Coe Pak consists of ____ which is the base. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - bacteriostatic and fungicidal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: Adding water to hemi-hydrate stone (plaster of paris) it reverts back to di-hydrate and is an exothermic reaction. |
|
|
Term
1. impression plaster
2. laboratory/model plaster
3. laboratory stone
4. die stone
5. high-strength high-expansion die stone |
|
Definition
| List the 5 types of plaster and stone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: Impression plaster is less porous when dry because its water to powder ratio 0.5. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: Laboratory stone is harder/stronger than type II with a water/powder ratio of 0.3 and is a brown color. |
|
|
Term
| gypsum (18.6/100), die stone (24/100), stone (30/100), plaster (50/100) |
|
Definition
List the following in order of the amount of water needed to wet.
- stone, plaster, gypsum, die stone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T/F: The following decreases setting time:
- too little water, gypsum contaminants, additives such as potassium sulfate, prolonged mixing time, using warm water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T/F: The following will increase the setting time:
- too much water, acetates and borates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - metals, semi-metals and nonmetals |
|
|
Term
| 3 classes of solid materials |
|
Definition
| - metals, ceramics and polymers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - made up of metallic elements primarily, luster and very opaque to visible light, thermal and electrical conductivity, strong, ductile, tough and stiff |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - compounds between metals and nonmetals, (oxides, nitrides, carbides, hydroxides, sulfates), porcelain, glass, cement/concrete, abrasives, translucent or opaque, non-conductive, hard, brittle, stiff |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - most are organic compounds or carbon based, plastics, rubbers, waxes, human soft tissues, monomers react to form these, transparent or opaque, soft, weak, flexible, light weight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- combo of 2 or more different materials
- exploit best properties of each material
- nano: <1nm
- micro: >1nm
- macro: > 0.5mm
- fiberglass, graphite, reinforced concrete |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - really semi-solids, mixtures of polymers and water, alginate |
|
|
Term
| basic types of chemical bonding |
|
Definition
| - covalent, ionic, metallic, secondary/van der Waals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - strongest bonds, C-C bonding, present in ceramics and polymers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - medium strength bonds, delocalized electrons shared between all atom nuclei, results in high electical and thermal conductivities, high ductility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - medium strength bonds, loss or gain of electrons between 2 unlike atoms resulting in electrostatic attraction, ceramics brittle characteristic due to this |
|
|
Term
| secondary/van der waals bonding |
|
Definition
| - low strength bonds, complex dipole-dipole interactions, polymers and waxes between chains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - visible w/light microscope |
|
|
Term
| two types of nanostructures |
|
Definition
| - crystalline or amorphous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - repetitive patterns of atoms in space, long range order |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - smallest group of atoms of lattice that can be repeated in all directions to generate lattice |
|
|
Term
| 3 main types of polymer structures |
|
Definition
| - linear, network or crosslinked |
|
|
Term
| linear or thermoplastic polymer structure |
|
Definition
| - polymers composed of long covalently bonded chains, weak bonding between chains, soften when heated |
|
|
Term
| network (thermosetting) polymer structure |
|
Definition
| - polymers w/carbon atoms and covalent bonding in 3D network, do not soften when heated |
|
|
Term
| cross-linked polymer structure |
|
Definition
| - medium-high strength chemical bonding between chains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - one composition w/more than 1 nanostructure (carbon-diamond) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - properties same in all directions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - properties different in different directions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: the smallest set of info we can completely define in a material is the composition and structure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - dispersed solid phase in a liquid phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - continuous solid in liquid phase, network or chains of polymers w/water surrounding everything |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: needle shaped particles require more water and spherical particles require less. |
|
|
Term
| False! It's the other way around, you lose water by evaporation in drying |
|
Definition
| T/F: In a setting reaction, water is lost whereas in a drying reaction excess water is the same on both sides of the equation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: The first woman graduated from Ohio College of Dental Surgery in 1866. Her name was Lucy Hubb. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Who was the father of dental hygiene? |
|
|
Term
| perio, endo, dental public health, oral surgery, path, ortho, pedo and prosthodontics |
|
Definition
| What are the 8 recognized specialties? |
|
|
Term
| True! The 2nd number describes length of the blade in mm and the 3rd number describes angle of the blade w/long axis of handle in hundredths of a centigrade circle. |
|
Definition
| T/F: In the 3 number instrument, the 1st unit describes width of blade in tenths of a millimeter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: The only difference between the 3 number and 4 number labeling system is that in the 4 number, there is a unit to describe the angle of the cutting blade to the long axis of the instrument in mm. |
|
|
Term
| False! The discoid is disc shaped and the cleoid is pointed. |
|
Definition
| T/F: On the cleoid-discoid carver, the discoid is the sharp end. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Class __ motion conservation is the movement of fingers only whereas class __ is movement of fingers and wrist and class ___ is movement of fingers, wrist and elbow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Class ___ is movement of entire arm and twisting of trunk whereas class ___ is moment of entire arm from shoulder. |
|
|
Term
| False!! I, II, and III are preferred. |
|
Definition
| T/F: Class III, IV and V movements are preferred over class I and II. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The assistant is placed at __ o'clock with the stool's edge in line w/oral cavity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| With a right handed operator, the assistant uses her ___ hand to retract, retrieve instruments, operate air/water and wipe working end. |
|
|
Term
| False! Pick up is middle/ring, Delivery is index/thumb. |
|
Definition
| T/F: Pick up is done with the index and thumb while delivery is done with the middle and ring fingers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plaster, stone and die are chemically _____ but physically _____ forms of calcium sulfate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ is the heating of gypsum and driving off water of crystallization. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Calcination is an ____thermic reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hydration is an ___thermic reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ plaster is hard, brittle, cannot be removed from undercuts of teeth, used to make impressions of edentulous patients, has short setting time of 4-5 minutes, high water to powder ratio (0.6) and low expansion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _____ plaster is not used intraorally, same as plaster of paris, used to make study casts or mount stone casts on articularor, high expansion, water powder ratio (0.6), less porous when dry, strong bcuz of low water/powder ratio |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ stone is used to make casts of alginate impressions for dentures, harder and stronger, low water/powder ratio (0.3), less porous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ stone has high strength, high hardness, low expansion, used for inlays or crowns, w/p ratio 0.24 |
|
|
Term
| high strength high expansion die stone |
|
Definition
| _____ stone is the most recent addition to the ADA list of gypsum, increased expansion to compensate for greater shrinkage when melting alloys are used, w/p ratio 0.18-0.22, stronger product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Iodophor, glutaraldehyde or phenols can be used to disinfect _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ ____ is a rubber impression that also sets by linking of molecules in long chains but produces no by-product, AKA polyvinyl siloxanes and are most popular material for crown and bridge procedures because of accuracy, dimension stability and ease of use. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ is a powder derived from seaweed that is a major component of reversible hydrocolloid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ is a versatile irreversible hydrocolloid impression that is most-used in dental offices. It lacks accuracy and fine surface detail needed to make impressions for crown and bridge procedures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ ____ is an impression of occlusal relationship of opposing teeth in centric occlusion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ ____ is a patient's normal bite. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ is a glue-like material composed of two or more substances in which one substance does not go into solution but is suspended within the other substance. it has at least 2 phases, liquid and semisolid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ is the liquid phase of a colloid and ___ is the semisolid phase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ ____ are positive replicas of the teeth produced from impressions that create a negative representation of the teeth, aka a study model and used for diagnostic purpose and numerous chairside and lab procedures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ is a semisolid state in which colloidal particles form a framework that traps liquid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ is a water-based colloid used as an impression material. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ is the property of a material to have two different temperatures for melting and solidifying, unlike water, which has one temperature for both. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ is the act of absorbing moisture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ ____ is an impression material composed of resin and wax with fillers added to make it stronger and more stable than wax. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ ____ is an impression material composed of a gypsum product similar to plaster of Paris. |
|
|
Term
| irreversible hydrocolloid |
|
Definition
| ____ hydrocolloid is an alginate impression material that is mixed to a sol state and as it sets converts to a gel by chemical reaction that irreversibly changes its nature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ is a rubber impression material that had sulfur-containing (mercaptan) functional groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ is a rubber impression material with ether functional groups, has high accuracy and is popular for crown and bridge procedures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _____ hydrocolloid is an agar impression material that can be heated to change a gel into a fluid sol state that can flow around teeth then cooled to gel again to make an impression of shapes of the oral structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ is a liquid state in which colloidal particles are suspended, by cooling or chemical reaction it can change back into a gel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ is a chemical that lowers the surface tension of a substance to that it is more readily wet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ is a characteristic of gels to contract and squeeze out some liquid that then accumulated on the surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ ___ ___ is a hard brittle impression material used in complete denture procedures |
|
|
Term
1. water amount
2. water temperature
3. hardening solutions
4. environment
5. wetting agents
6. accelerators and retarders |
|
Definition
| List 3 of the 6 factors that change gypsum properties. |
|
|
Term
| water amount: controls porosity, strength, effects setting expansion |
|
Definition
Which of the following is the most important factor that changes gypsum properties?
- water temp, water amount, environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| colloidal silica and superplasticizers are examples of ____ ____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Name the 2 types of metals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Name the 2 subgroups of moble and base metals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ metals are naturally resistant to oxidation, high ductility, include gold, platinum, palladium, rhodium and ruthenium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: Silver is a noble metal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ metals tend to oxidize and include iron, cobalt, chromium, nickel, and titanium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ ____ are used for inlays, onlays, full crowns, PFM and bridges. Usually noble based (gold or palladium) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: Base metal alloys are the strongest, most elastic, least ductile, hardest, and very tough. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: Face centered cubic (FCC) materials have greater number of slip systems than body centered cubic and hexagonal close packed. This allows FCC to be more ductile. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ allow single planes of atoms to move during deformation instead of large sets of planes. |
|
|
