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F08 Bio Basis
Exam 1
186
Other
Professional
08/29/2008

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Term
Gingiva, alveolar mucosa, cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar supporting bone
Definition
What does the periodontium consist of?
Term
Age, disease (increased age does not mean increased disease!)
Definition
Periodontal tissues are biologically interdependent and subject to variations and changes with _____ and __________.
Term
(-)
Definition
Over 600 microorganisms are present in the periodontium, and most are gram __. (+/-)
Term
3.5-4.4
Definition
What is the maxillary avg. width of attached gingiva of incisors?
Term
1.9 mm
Definition
What is the maxillary avg. width of attached gingiva of premolars?
Term
3.3 – 3.9 mm.
Definition
What is the mandibular avg. width of attached gingiva of incisors?
Term
1.8 mm
Definition
What is the mandibular avg. width of attached gingiva of premolars?
Term
Facial and lingual papillae
Definition
What does a “col” connect?
Term
Keratinized
Definition
A col is more susceptible to disease because it is a depression in interdental gingiva and the center is not ____________.
Term
Keratinocytes, desmosomes, tonofilaments, basal lamina, hemidesmosomes
Definition
What are the histologic features of the gingival epithelium?
Term
Keratinized
Definition
The oral epithelium contains rete pegs and is ____________. (keratinized or nonkeratinized?)
Term
Fibroblasts
Definition
90% of cells in the periodontium are _________.
Term
Non-keratinized
Definition
The sulcular epithelium has a semipermeable membrane and is ______. (keratinized or nonkeratinized?)
Term
Junctional epithelium
Definition
What part of the gingiva has stratified squamous epithelium and is non-keratinized?
Term
Dentinogingival
Definition
The JE is reinforced by collagenous fibers in the marginal gingiva and is a functional unit known as _________ unit.
Term
Lamina propria
Definition
The gingival connective tissue determines the differentiation of the epithelium. What is the supporting CT of the gingiva?
Term
Gingivodental group, circular group, transseptal group
Definition
Name the major gingival fiber groups.
Term
5, 65
Definition
The cellular elements in gingival CT is approximately __% of the gingival CT and the fibers make up approx. ___%.
Term
Collagen approx. 60% (mostly Type I)
Elastic fibers
Oxytalan fibers
Definition
What are the fibrillar elements in the gingival CT?
Term
Supraperiosteal arteries, periodontal ligament vessels, arterioles from the Interdental septa
Definition
Name the 3 blood supplies to the gingiva.
Term
The periodontal ligament
Definition
Principle fibers, intermediate plexus fibers, Sharpey’s fibers, and indifferent fiber plexus are all collagen fibers of…?
Term
Oxytalan fibers
Definition
What are the elastic fibers of the PDL?
Term
Widest, thinner
Definition
The PDL varies in thickness from 0.1 – 0.25mm and is _____ during heavy occlusion and ________ in nonfunctional teeth.
Term
Bone, cemental
Definition
PDL fibers are larger and less numerous on the ____ surface than on the _______ surface.
Term
Fibroblasts, cementoblasts/cementoclasts, osteoblasts/osteoclasts
Definition
The epithelial rest cells of the PDL are the rest cells of Malassez. What are the CT cells of the PDL?
Term
Mast cells, macrophages
Definition
The PDL has neurovascular elements and cellular elements. What are its defense cells?
Term
60-65% cementum overlaps enamel
30% cementum meets enamel at a butt joint
5-10% cementum does not meet enamel
Definition
There are 3 types of cementoenamel junction relationships. What are they and what is their percentage?
Term
Bone resorption
Definition
Existence of alveolar bone is dependent on presence of teeth. Therefore, extractions lead to ________ _____________.
Term
Thinnest, molars
Definition
Cortical bone is _______ in the incisor, canine and premolar area. It is thickest in _____.
Term
0.2 mm
Definition
Which of the following is closest to the width of the normal periodontal ligament?
a. 0.1 mm
b. 0.2 mm
c. 0.3 mm
d. 0.5 mm
Term
fibroblasts
Definition
Which of the following is responsible for most of the collagen degradation in the
periodontal ligament?
a. Keratinocyte
b. Macrophage
c. Fibroblasts
d. Osteoclasts
Term
1, 2, and 3
Definition
Which of the following supply blood to the gingiva?
1. Supraperiosteal
2. Periodontal ligament vessels
3. Vessels from the interdental septa
a. 1 only
b. 1 and 2
c. 1, 2 and 3
d. 2 and 3
Term
transferring melanin into the basal layer
Definition
Melanocytes help to determine skin pigmentation by _____________.
a. Transferring melanin into the basal layer
b. Transferring melanin into the superficial layer of connective tissue
c. Secreting melanin into the spinous layer of the epithelium
d. Secreting melanin into the stratum corneum
Term
gap junctions and hemidesmosomes
Definition
Which of the following mechanisms attach epithelial cells to other epithelial cells and
cementum, respectively?
a. gap junctions and desmosomes
b. gap junctions and hemidesmosomes
c. hemidesmosomes and tight junctions
d. desmosomes and tight junctions
Term
2 and 3
Definition
Which of the following must be present to make a diagnosis of periodontitis?
1. Visible plaque bacteria
2. Gingival inflammation
3. Loss of attachment
a. 1
b. 1 and 2
c. 2 and 3
d. 1, 2 and 3
e. 3 only
Term
gingivitis
Definition
Which of the following does not result in gingival recession
a. Gingivitis
b. Toothbrushing
c. Periodontitis
d. Aberrant frenum
Term
junctional epithelium
Definition
Which of the following cells have both an internal and external basal lamina?
a. Junctional epithelium
b. Stratum basale
c. Sulcular epithelium
d. Stratum spinosum
Term
5%
Definition
Cells make up what percentage of the gingival connective tissue?
a. 5%
b. 30%
c. 50%
d. 65%
Term
30%
Definition
About what percentage of the connective tissue is made up by glycoproteins,
proteoglycans and ground substance combined?
a. 5%
b. 30%
c. 50%
d. 65%
Term
oxytalan fibers
Definition
Which of the following are not part of the collagen fibers of the periodontal
ligament?
a. Principal fibers
b. Imtermediate plexus
c. Sharpey’s fibers
d. Indifferent fiber plexus
e. Oxytalan fibers
Term
Destruction of supragingival fiber bundles
Definition
Which of the following is not true with respect to tissue in a patient with a newly
diagnosed case of gingivitis?
a. Stippling may or may not be present
b. Increased extension of rete pegs into connective tissue
c. Destruction of supragingival fiber bundles
d. Widened intercellular junctions
Term
2 and 3
Definition
In periodontitis the junctional epithelium________
1. Attaches to the root surface
2. Keratinizes to reduce crevicular fluid
3. Has a faster turn over rate than in health
a. 1
b. 1 and 2
c. 1, 2 and 3
d. 2 and 3
e. 3 only
Term
Type I
Definition
Which fiber type makes up the majority of the fibrillar elements of the gingival
connective tissue?
a. Type I
b. Type II
c. Elastic fibers
d. Oxytalan fibers
Term
None of the above
Definition
The gingival crevicular fluid performs all of the following except:
a. Cleanses the sulcus
b. Aids adhesion of epithelium to tooth
c. Exerts antibody activity
d. None of the above
Term
Periodontal disease and dental caries
Definition
What are the two main things diagnosed in oral health care?
Term
inflammation
Definition
lack of keratinization in both health and disease is due to what?
Term
plaque
Definition
_______ is directly related to the inflammatory response.
Term
plaque
Definition
There is always _____ on calculus.
Term
Has not yet
Definition
When gingiva is inflamed, it ( has / has not yet ) lost attachment.
Term
PMN
Definition
Which is the major cell type of the initial inflammatory cell infiltrate?
Term
Exudate from vessels
Definition
What causes the redness and swelling involved with inflammation?
Term
Inflammation of the gingiva without bone loss or tissue (CT) loss.
Definition
Define gingivitis.
Term
Loss of bone & PDL fibers, and increased presence of dense inflammatory cell infiltrate
Definition
Define periodontitis.
Term
Pus, dead bacteria, dead WBCs
Definition
Define suppuration.
Term
The same, pocket
Definition
When there is increased pocketing, there is ________ amount of attachment loss; a _________ is formed instead.
Term
Epithelial attachment
Definition
No matter how much damage, the ___________ ___________ will still seal.
Term
1.5-2mm
Definition
On a normal x-ray the bone crest is ___-___mm from the CEJ; any more indicates bone loss.
Term
Part
Definition
A radiograph should not be the single method of diagnosis because an x-ray only gives _____ of an image; it can assist but not give all info.
Term
Both true!
Definition
Plaque is made up mostly of bacteria. The remaining contents can include non-bacterial organisms (protozoa, yeasts, viruses), and some host cells such as epithelial cells, macrophages and a few leukocytes. (Both T, Both F, T/F, F/T)
Term
a. availability of blood, pocket depths, redox potential, pO2
Definition
different regions of plaque may play an important role in different diseases of the teeth and periodontium. differences in the composition of the plaque can be attributed, in part, to:
a. the local availability of blood products, pocket depths, redox potential, pO2
b. pocket depths, blood type, filling material used throughout the mouth
c. redox potential, materia alba, the patients insurance carrier
d. none of the above
Term
1st T, 2nd False!
Definition
(T/F) The accumulation and metabolism of bacteria on oral hard and soft tissues is considered to be the primary cause of gingivitis, periodontitis and caries. If a person has poor oral hygiene, and an abundance of plaque, eventually the person will develop periodontal disease.
Term
False!
Definition
(T/F) Co-aggregation is the term used to describe the ability of bacteria to exist on or in the host tissue w/o causing damage.
Term
c. anaerobic, asaccharolytic and utilize amino acids and small peptides as energy sources
Definition
The bacteria that predominate in mature plaque are:
a. aerobic, saccharolytic, and utilize hamburger meat as an energy source
b. aerobic, asaccharolytic and utilize amino acids and small peptides as energy sources
c. anaerobic, asaccharolytic, and utilize a.a. and small peptides as energy sources
d. facultative, thermophylic and do not need an energy source
Term
Both true!
Definition
(T/F) Biofilms form on virtually all surfaces immersed in natural aqueous environments. Biofilms can effectively protect bacteria from antimicrobial agents.
Term
actinobacillus actinomycecomitans
Definition
The organism first recognized as a possible periodontal pathogen by its increased frequency of detection and higher numbers in lesions of localized juvenile periodontitis is _____ _____.
Term
bacteroides forsythus, P.gingivalis, A.a.
Definition
The following periodontal pathogens have the ability to invade epithelial cells
a. strep sanguis, A.a, prevotella intermedia
b. bacteroides forsythus, P.g., A.a.
c. P.g., A.a., Clostridium difficile
Term
True!
Definition
(T/F) An important virulence factor for A.a. is the presence of leukotoxin, which binds to neutrophils and other leukocytes and forms pores in the membranes of these target cells. These pores overwhelm the ability of the cell to sustain osmotic homeostasis.
Term
C. A.a., P.gingivalis, P.intermedia
Definition
LPS is found in the following bacteria:
a. A.a., P.g., and staph epidermidis
b. Group B strep, pseudo aeruginosa and P.g.
c. A.a., P.g., and P.i.
d. actinomyces viscosus, enterobacter cloacae, staph epidermidis
Term
True!
Definition
(T/F) LPS has been known to stimulate cytokine secretion in monocytes and macrophages.
Term
fusobacterium nucleatum
Definition
The following is an example of a spindle shaped rod:
a. peptostreptococcus micros
b. fusobacterium nucleatum
c. staph aureus
d. strep intermedia
Term
unattached
Definition
Predominantly g(-), in contact w/junctional and sulcular epithelium, contains periodontal pathogens, and may be the advancing front of the periodontal lesions are all characteristics of the ____ zone of plaque.
Term
F. nuceatum
Definition
____ is the most common isolate in subgingival plaque samples.
Term
True!!
Definition
T/F: The levels of P. intermedia have been shown to be particularly elevated in ANUG.
Term
True!
Definition
T/F: The term biofilm is rather generic and refers to a microbial community associated w/non shedding material.
Term
spirochetes
Definition
(Spirochetes, A.a., B forsythus, c.rectus) are organisms with a strong association to ANUG.
Term
May!
Definition
Periodontal pathogenic bacteria (May/May Not) be detected in clinically healthy mouths.
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Virulence factors of periodontal pathogens include all of the following except:
- mitochondria
- LPS
- ability to penetrate epithelial cells
- bacteroicins
- B/C/D
- A/B/C
Term
increases
Definition
As periodontal disease progress the pH of the periodontal pocket (increases/decreases/stays the same) as the pockets deepen and the host inflammatory response is induced.
Term
bacteria, host response, environmental modifications
Definition
Periodontal disease results from a complex interplay between ___, ___ ___, and ___ ____.
Term
prevotella intermedia only
Definition
Which of the following are g(-) and associated w/PDD?
- A. viscosus
- P. intermedia
- P. micros
- S. sanguis
Term
False.
Definition
(T/F) Endotoxins are an integral part of the intercellular matrix of all g(-) organisms.
Term
1 only
Definition
Gingivitis may progress to periodontitis if: 1. the bacteria overwhelm the defense system of the host and penetrates soft tissue 2. bacterial plaque remains on the tooth long enough. (both correct, both incorrect, 1 only, 2 only)
Term
A.a. only
Definition
The following organisms have been shown to produce an exotoxin specific for neutrophils:
- A. a.
- A. viscosus
- P. gingivalis
Term
False!
Definition
(T/F) Pellicle forms continuously on epithelium.
Term
False! aerobic
Definition
(T/F) Initial colonization of the pellicle-coated tooth surface is predominated by gram (+) anaerobic bacteria.
Term
False! Decreases
Definition
T/F: the presence of multiple risk factors implies an increase in the probability of a disease occurring. If risk factors are removed, the probability of a disease occurring increases further.
Term
False!
Definition
(T/F) Old people always have PDD.
Term
All of the above
Definition
Smoking increases an individuals risk of...
- root caries
- oral cancer
- heart disease
- osteoporosis
- all of the above
- none of the above
Term
True!
Definition
T/F: The outcome of periodontal therapy in a well controlled diabetic may be the same as a non diabetic.
Term
90%
Definition
____ % of patients with refactory PDD are smokers.
Term
1st true, 2nd false
Definition
(T/F) The use of chewing tobacco has been associated w/localized loss of periodontal attachment. (T/F) It has also been implicated in severe periodontal bone loss.
Term
5%
Definition
Cigarette smokers are ___ times more likely to develop severe periodontitis versus non-smokers.
Term
Both true!
Definition
(T/F) In untreated deep sites, smoking has been shown to decrease O2 tension. (T/F) This creates an environment ideal for sub-g anaerobic bacteria.
Term
adult (chronic) periodontitis
Definition
P. gingivalis has been implicated in LJP and...
Term
False!
Definition
The specific plaque hypothesis has been shown to be valid because we know that plaque + time = disease.
Term
True!
Definition
T/F: Women have more PDD than men.
Term
True!
Definition
T/F: Smokers have 2xs the odds of having PDD compared to non-smokers.
Term
inflamed gingiva
Definition
Increased # of blood vessels, epithelial ridges extending deep into CT, increased vascular permeability, disruption of epithelial cell junctions, increased probing depths and red, spongy edematous tissue describes ____ gingiva.
Term
1. loss of bone
2. loss of periodontal ligament fibers
3. presence of dense inflammatory cell infiltrate (PMNs)
Definition
List the 3 characteristics of periodontitis.
Term
suppuration
Definition
____ is dead bacteria and dead WBCs coming out of sulci. This is a significant inflammatory response.
Term
recession
Definition
Migration of the junctional epithelium apically along root surface in loss of attachment is ______ when the free gingival margin follows the epithelial attachment.
Term
increased pocketing
Definition
Migration of the junctional epithelium apically along the root surface in loss of attachment is ____ ____ when the free gingival margin increases in length.
Term
probe going into/through the junctional epithelium into surrounding connective tissue.
Definition
Bleeding on probing is caused by:
Term
sulcus
Definition
A Periodontal ____ is 1-3mm and healthy where epithelium attaches to enamel.
Term
pocket
Definition
A periodontal ____ is 4+ mm with attachment loss and inflammation.
Term
foliation
Definition
A tooth with no epithelial attachment = _____.
Term
False! Narrow teeth are more mobile than wide teeth.
Definition
T/F: Wide teeth are more mobile than narrow teeth.
Term
1.5-2mm normal, >2mm = bone loss
Definition
Normal crest of alveolar bone = __-__ mm from CEJ.
>___ = bone loss.
Term
blister
Definition
Bolus = _____.
Term
True!
Definition
T/F: Pemphigoid is non-lethal but Pemphigus vulgaris is life threatening and looks like pemphigoid but also presents w/loss of fluid and electrolytes.
Term
True!
Definition
T/F: NUP is a spirochetal infection often associated with stress or the immunocompromized.
Term
measure
Definition
The Fixott-Everett grid is used to ____ bone in radiographs.
Term
False!
Definition
T/F: 2- and 3-walled defecs are identifiable in intraoral radiography.
Term
30-50%
Definition
Intra-oral radiography requires __-__% mineral loss before detection.
Term
tomographs, subtraction
Definition
___ is used for implant imaging and ____ radiography can detect 5% bone loss
Term
anteriors, posteriors
Definition
The alveolar bone in the ____ is knife-edged, but in the ___ it is blunt.
Term
1.5mm
Definition
Alveolar bone is usually ___mm from the CEJ.
Term
True!
Definition
T/F: The lamina dura's appearance depends on occlusal stress.
Term
0.1mm-0.25mm
Definition
PDL space is between __-__mm thick, but varies from patient to patient. Occlusal stress, trauma, early periapical lesion and periodontal disease widens this space.
Term
horizontal, vertical
Definition
____ bone loss occurs in a line parallel with a line drawn from CEJ of one tooth to another, when generalize may suggest systemic factor. ____ bone loss is greater on the proximal of one tooth than on the adjacent tooth, not parallel with the CEJ and has a more complex etiology.
Term
interproximal crater
Definition
___ ___ is a vertical osseous defect that is two walled and trough like along the crest of interdental bone.
Term
intrabony defects
Definition
___ ___ are vertical osseous defects that can be 1-, 2- or 3-walled.
Term
maxillary molars, mandibular involvement.
Definition
___ ___ are more likely to develop furcation involvement and is usually the palatal root, but ___ involvement is most sharply defined.
Term
mild periodontitis
Definition
___ periodontitis is localized erosion of interproximal bone, on the anteriors the alveolar bone crest is blunted with a slight loss of bone height, in the posteriors there is a loss of sharp angle between lamina dura and alveolar crest. Attachment loss is seen in 6-8 months
Term
moderate
Definition
___ periodontitis is the progression of early changes with buccal and lingual cortical plate resorption, also generalized horizontal bone loss and localized vertical bone loss.
Term
severe periodontitis
Definition
___ periodontitis is extensive bone loss, mobility, horizontal bone loss, vertical osseous defects and lesions are more extensive than radiograph depicts.
Term
1. be associated with disease, as evident by increases in number of organisms at diseases site
2. be elimintaed or decreased in sites that demonstrate clinical resolution of disease w/tx
3. demonstrate host response, in form of alteration in host cellular or humoral immune response
4. be capable of causing disease in experimental animal models
5. demonstrate virulence factors responsible for enabling the microorganism to cause destruction of PDD
Definition
List the 5 modified Koch's postulates. According to these criteria, a potential pathogen must:
Term
virulence factors
Definition
____ ____ are properties that enable bacterium to cause disease.
Term
pathogen
Definition
In order to be considered a ____, a bacterium must colonize the appropriate host site and then cause destruction of the host tissues.
Term
evade host defense mechanisms
Definition
In order for bacteria to colonize, they must ____ ___ ___ ___.
Term
1. factors that enable bacteria to colonize and invade host tissues
2. factors that enable bacteria to directly/indirectly cause host damage
Definition
Virulence properties may be categorized into 2 grousp: 1. ___________ 2. _________
Term
gingival crevicular fluid
Definition
____ ____ ____ is found within the gingival sulcus and periodontal pocket and flows from the base of the pocket outward.
Term
adherence
Definition
_____ is a necessary virulence factor for periodontal pathogens to colonize periodontal pocket/sulcus because of gingival crevicular fluid.
Term
A. viscosus
Definition
_____ _____ colonizes in the periodontal environment through fimbrae to the proline rich proteins found on the surface of the tooth.
Term
co-ggregation, A.viscosus, S.sanguis
Definition
_______ is the attachment of different bacteria strains to one another. An example is the adherence of _____ trough fimbriae to polysaccharide receptor on ______.
Term
aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Treponema denticola (Td)
Definition
_____ ____, ___ ____ and ____ ____ have been shown to directly invade host tissues.
Term
1. those that directly result in tissue degradation
2. those that cause the release of biologically active substances from the host tissues
Definition
The bacterial properties involved in tissue destruction may be divided into two categories:
Term
ammonia, volatiles sulfur compounds, fatty acids, peptides and indole
Definition
Bacterial products that inhibit the growth or alter metabolism of host tissue cells include metabolic by-products such as ____, ___ ____ ____, ___ ___, _____ and _____.
Term
Pgingivalis
Definition
____ ____ produces a wide range of proteases (enzymes) including collagenase, fobronectin, and immunoglobulins.
Term
collagenase, fibronectin, and immunoglobulins
Definition
P.gingivalis produces wide range of proteases including _____, ____ and____.
Term
cytokines
Definition
____ are cell regulators that have major influence on the production and activation of wide range of immunoligic and inflammatory reactions (ex. interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor and prostaglandins when exposres to endotoxin).
Term
10-21 days
Definition
The time necessary to develop clinically detectable marginal gingivitis ranged from ___-___ days.
Term
1 week
Definition
With reinstitution of oral hygiene procedures experimental gingival inflammation resolved in about ___ week(s).
Term
90-100% g(+) --> 40-50% g(-)
Definition
As marginal plaque matures, the composition shofts from predominantly g(+) [__-__%] to one rich in g(-) forms [__-__%].
Term
False!! Distal > Mid buccal (because of no cheeks to buff teeth), Mid-buccal > lingual (because tongue is better than cheeks at removing plaque) and posterior > anterior
Definition
T/F: According to the 2nd study we learned about, more plaque was found in the distal than mid-buccal, more mid-buccally than lingually and more anteriorly than posteriorly.
Term
True!!
Definition
T/F: In general, there is a strong relation between poor oral hygiene and gingivitis, but not as strong between poor oral hygiene and risk of developing periodontitis.
Term
supra = whitish/yellow
sub = dark brown
Definition
Supra-gingival calculus is ____/____ in color and sub-gingival is ____/_____ in color.
Term
fimbriae, pili ad fibrillae
Definition
____, ____, and ____ are virulence factors assisting with bacterial attachment and prevention of phagocytosis.
Term
capsule
Definition
A ____ is a virulence factor assisting in protection, attachment and prevention of phaygocytosis.
Term
endotoxin
Definition
____ is a virulence factor that activates the inflammation response, cytokine production and leads to bone resorption.
Term
ulcerations, direct penetration
Definition
Bacteria may enter the host by ____ in the epithelium or by ____ _____ into the host tissues, which is less common.
Term
active disease
Definition
susceptible host + pathogens + lack of beneficial bugs = ____ ____
Term
A.a., P.gingivalis, P.intermedia, T.forsythus, F.nucleatum, P.micros, C.recta

a. actinomycetemcomitans, p. gingivalis, p. intermedia, t. fosythia, f. nucleatum, p. micros, c. rectus
Definition
Presence of ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____ suggests disease.
Term
actinomycese species, s.mitis, s. sanguis, capnocytophaga species and v. parvula
Definition
Absence of beneficial species such as ____, ____, ____, ____ and ____ suggest disease.
Term
non-specific plaque theory
Definition
plaque + time = disease according to the ________ ____ _____.
Term
pellicle
Definition
The ____ is a thin, bacteria-free layer of salivary proteins attached to the tooth surface within minutes of a professional cleaning.
Term
g(+) cocci and rods, also some g(-) cocci and rods
Definition
In young supra-gingival plaquq there is mainly g(___) ____ and ____.
Term
g(-) anaerobic
Definition
In aged supra-gingival plaque there is an increase in g(__) ____ bacteria.
Term
g(-) motile
Definition
In unattached sub-g plaque there is mostly g(___) ____ bacteria and are in direct contact with junctional and sulcular epithelium.
Term
localized aggressive periodontitis
Definition
____ ____ periodontitis has a strong associatation with genetics, typically affects permanent 1st molar and/or permanent incisors and there is not a lot of plaque seen.
Term
A.a., P.gingivalis, T.forsythus
Definition
____, ____ and ____ have a very strong association with Periodontal diseases.
Term
P.gingivitis, P.intermedia, F.nucleatum, A.a., C.recta, T.forsythus, treponema species
Definition
Bacteria associated with chronic periodontitis = ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____ and ____ species.
Term
A.a., P.intermedia, and P.gingivalis
Definition
Bacteria associated with localized aggressive periodontitis = ___, ____ and ___.
Term
T.forsythus, P.gingivalis, P.intermedia and C.recta
Definition
Bacteria associated with refractory disease periodontitis = ___, ____, ___ and ____.
Term
P.i. and intermediate sized spirochetes
Definition
Bacteria associated with ANUG = ___ and intermediate sized ____.
Term
candida albicans, p.gingivalis, p.intermedia, f.nucleatum, a.a. and c.recta
Definition
bacteria associated with HIV-associated gingivitis = _____ (a yeast), _____, ____, ____, ___ and ____.
Term
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.)
Definition
______ is small, non-motile, g(-), facultative anaerobe that is saccharolytic, coccobacillus that makes small convex colonies w/star shaped center.
Term
A.a.
Definition
____ shows an increase in frequency in aggressive cases, prevalence in 90% in LAP and 30-50% in severe chronic periodontitis and has many serotypes with some being more pathogenic than others.
Term
90% LAP, 30-50% severe chronic periodontitis
Definition
A.a. is prevalent in ____% of LAP and ___-___% of severe chronic periodontitis.
Term
A.a, T.forsythus, and P.gingivalis
Definition
The following organisms have the ability to invade host epithelial cells: ____, ____ and ____.
Term
A.a.
Definition
____ has an exotoxin similar to botulinum, tetanus, diptheria, leukotoxin and several endotoxins.
Term
A.a, exotoxin
Definition
Leukotoxin produced by ___ is thought to kill PMNs an monocytes from blood and PMNs from the pocket. Leukotoxin is an _____.
Term
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Definition
___/endotoxin can exert a variety of activities that promote tissue damage once released.
Term
cytotoxic effects, complement activation and bone resorption
Definition
LPS release causes ____ effects, ____ activation, and _____ resorption.
Term
P.g.
Definition
_____ is g(-), anaerobic, non-motile, asaccharolytic, rod-shaped "black pigmented bacteroides" that forms dark brown-black colonies.
Term
elevated pH, thick capsule to resist phagocytosis
Definition
P.g. is able to grow at ____ pH and also has a ____ for a virulence factor.
Term
LPS
Definition
___ stimulates cytokine secretion in monocytes and macrophages
Term
P.gingivalis
Definition
____ has the following virulence factors: ability to grow at elevated pH, thick capsule, LPS, fimbriae, proteinases and toxic products
Term
T.forsythus
Definition
____ is a g(-), anaerobic, spindle shaped, pleomorphic, growth enhanced by F.n., and has the ability to invade epithelial cells.
Term
P.intermedia
Definition
___ is a part of the black pigmented bacteroides, g(-), anaerobic, short, rounded rods, and is elevated in ANUG.
Term
F.nucleatum
Definition
____ is a g(-), anaerobic, spindle shaped rod that is most commonly isolated from sub-g samples.
Term
c.recta
Definition
_____ is a g(-) anaerobic, short motile vibrio that produces a leukotoxin and forms small convex spreading colonies on blood agar.
Term
peptostreptococcus micros
Definition
____ is a g(+) anaerobic small coccus that is asaccharolytic.
Term
spirochetes
Definition
____ are g(-) anaerobic helical shaped bacteria related to ANUG.
Term
active site
Definition
An ____ shows attachment loss greater than 2-2.5mm in 2 months.
Term
2-2.5mm in 2 months
Definition
An active site shows attachment loss greater than __-__ mm in __ months.
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