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| is the elliptical open space between the eyelids |
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| the border between the cornea and the sclera |
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| this is the corner of the eye, the angle where the lids meet |
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| modified sebaceous glands that secrete an oily lubricating material onto the lids this stops the tears fromoverflowing and helps to form an airtight seal when the lids are closed |
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this is a thin mucous membrane folded like an envelope between the eyelids and the eyeball.
palpebral- lines the lids and is clear
bulbar- overlays the eyeball, with the white sclera showing through |
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| this provides consitant irrigation to keep the conjunctive and cornea moist and lubricated, secretes tears |
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Definition
| the tears drain into this, visible onthe upper and lower lids at the inner canthus |
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| six muscles, the four stright or rectus muscles are superior, inferior, lateral and medical, the two slanting or oblique are superior and inferior |
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| The eye is composed of three concentric coats |
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Definition
1. the outer fibrous sclera
2. the middle cascular choroid
3. the inner nervous retina |
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| this is a tough protetive white covering. |
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Definition
this is part of the rfracting media of the eye, bending incoming light rays so they will be focused on the inner retina. it also covers the iris and pupil.
cranial nerve V carries the afferent sensation into the brain and facial nerve VII carries the efferent message that stimulates the blink |
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Definition
| this has a dark pigmentation to pervent light fro relecting internally and is heavily vascularized to delever blood to the retina. |
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Definition
| functions as the diaphragm, varying the opening at its center, the pupil. this controls the amount of light admitted into the retina. the muscle fibers of this contract the pupil in bright light to accommodate for near vision, and dilate when light is dim for far vision |
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Definition
| this is round and regularthe size is determined by the balance between the parasympathetic and sympathetic. sympathetic branch dilates the pupil and elevates the eyelid, parasympathetic causes constriction |
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Definition
| biconvex disc located ust posterior to the pupil, serves as a refracting medium keeping a viewed object in continual focus on the retina |
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anterior/posterior chamber
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Definition
this one is behind the cornea and in front of the iris and lens
this one is behind the iris to the sides of the lens |
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Definition
| this is the visual receptiv elayer of the eye in which light waves are changed into nerve impulses |
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Definition
| this is the area in which fibers from the retina converge to form this. located towards the nasal side of the retina, it has these characteristics: color varies from creamy yellow orange to pink, a round or oval shape |
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| the area of sharpest and kneest vision. |
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Definition
light rays are refracted throught the transparent media and strike the retina. the retina trans forms the light stimulius into nerve impulses that are conducted through the optic nerve and the optic tract to the visual cortex of the occipital lobe
the right side of the brain looks ar the left side of the world. |
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Definition
| this is the normal constriction of the pupils when bright light shines on the retina. when one eye is expose to rbight light, a direct light reflex occurs (constriction of that pupil) as well as consensual light reflex (simultaneous constriction of the other pupil) |
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Definition
| this is a reflex direction of the eye toward an object atrracting a persons attention, this consists of very rapid ocular movement to put the target back on the fovea. |
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Definition
| adaptation of the eyes for near vision. it is accomplished by increasing the curvature of the lens through meovement of the ciliary muscles. |
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Definition
vision difficulty- decreased acuity, blurring, blind spots
pain- any eye pain, onset quality
strabisus diplopia- crossed eyes
redness or swelling- any infections
watering or discharge
history of ocular problems, glaucoma, glasses or contacts |
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Definition
this is a alphabet chart that is mot commonly used and accurate meausre of visual acuity.
normal visual acuity is 20/20, the top number indicates the distance at which a normal eye could have read that particular line. the larger the bottom number (denominator) the poorer the vision |
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Definition
| this is a decrease in power of accommodation with aging, sugguested when the person moves the card farther away. |
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Definition
| this is a gross measrue of peripheral vision, it compares the persons peripheral vision with your own. hold a pencil as a target midline between you and the other person and slowly advance it in from the periphery in serveral directions. ask the person to say now as the target is first seen and this should be just as you see it too. |
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| external ocular structure inspection |
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Definition
| eyebrows are present bilaterally, move symmetrically as the facial eprssions change. eyelids and lashes, eyeballs- are aligned normally in their sockets with no protrusion or sunken appearence. conjunctiva and sclera, lacrimal apparatus |
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Definition
| a small number of people normall have this which is pupils of two differnt sizes |
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Definition
this is the only place in the body where you can view blood vessels directly.
number- a pair of artery and vein pass to each quadrant, color- arteries are bright red
A:V ratio- comparing the artery to vein width is 2:3 or 4:5
caliber- arteries and veins show a regular decrease in caliber |
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Definition
| cross eyed, untreated it can lead to permanent visional damage |
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Definition
| lids are swollen and puffy, this occurs with local infection crying and systemic condtions such as congestive heart failure, renal failure, allergies |
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| inflammation of the eyelids, red, scaly, greasy flakes and thckened crusted lid |
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Definition
| stye, infetion of the hair follicles at the lid margin |
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Definition
| inflammation of the lacrimal gland |
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| constricted and fixed pupils |
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Definition
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| infection, pink eye, has red beefy looking vessels at periphery but usually clearer around iris |
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Term
| subconjunctival hemorrhage |
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Definition
| a red patch on the sclera, occurs from increased intraocular pressure form coughing, sneezing, weight lifting |
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Definition
| deep dull red halo around the iris and cornea, pupil shape maybe irregular |
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Definition
| narrow-angle shows a circumcorneal redness aroudn the iris, with a dilated pupil, occurs with sudden increase in intraocular pressure form blocked outflow from anterior chamber. |
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Term
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Definition
| nuclear cataract, gray surrounded by black background as it forms inthe center of lens nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| cortical cataracts shows as asymmetrical radial white spkes with black center |
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