Term
Visual Acuity at
Birth to 2 weeks
(Newborn) |
|
Definition
20/400
(changes in illumination, contrasts) |
|
|
Term
Visual Acuity at
2-4 weeks
(Newborn) |
|
Definition
20/400
(can fix and follow an object) |
|
|
Term
Visual Acuity at
3-4 months |
|
Definition
20/200
(recognizes parent's smile, can focus near/far, follow 180 arc |
|
|
Term
| What can a child see at 4 months? |
|
Definition
| color vision similar to adult |
|
|
Term
Visual Acuity at
6-10 months |
|
Definition
20/150
(smooth eye movements in all directions) |
|
|
Term
Visual Acuity at
12 months |
|
Definition
20/50
(vision close to fully developed) |
|
|
Term
Visual Acuity at
18-24 months |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Visual Acuity at
5 years old |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When to Refer for vision at Age 3... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When to Refer for vision at Age 5... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When to Refer for vision >5 years old... |
|
Definition
| 20/30 or worse, or two line different between the two eyes |
|
|
Term
Vision Screenings for Newborn to 3 months old
1.
2.
3. |
|
Definition
1. Check Red Reflex
2. Take an ocular history
3. Inspect external structures |
|
|
Term
Indications of the red reflex
One red reflex is brighter than the other |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Indications of the red reflex
Presence of lens or other media opacities blocks the red reflex or diminishes it (white) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indications of the red reflex: The red reflection from the pupil will back-light corneal defects. Movement of the examiner's head in one direction will appear to move the defect in the opposite direction (Paralax) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Indications of the red reflex
The red reflex is more intense from the deviated eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Who to refer to ophthalmologist (peds)?
Know when to refer! |
|
Definition
1. Infants with a positive FH of Retinoblastoma
2. Infants with a Hx of or a relative with congenital cataracts, retinal dysplasia, or other retinal problems
3. Any abnormal or asymmetric red reflex |
|
|
Term
| Vision Screenings for 3-6 months old |
|
Definition
1. Fix and Follow
2. Take an ocular History
3. Red Reflex
4. Inspection for abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| Vision Screenings for 6-12 months old |
|
Definition
1. Fix and follow with each eye
2. Alternate occlusion
3. Ocular History
4. Corneal light reflex
5. Red Reflex
6. Inspection |
|
|
Term
| Vision Screening for >3 years and frequency after 5 years old |
|
Definition
1. Visual Acuity
2. Ocular Hx
3. Corneal light reflex, (Cover/Uncover)
4. Red Reflex
5. Inspection
6. Attempt Ophthalmoscopy
(Complete screening every 1-2 years) |
|
|
Term
| How to perform the E test in children |
|
Definition
1. The child points in the direction of the letter
2. Can be performed on most children 3-4 yrs/old |
|
|
Term
| How to exam visual acuity <4 yrs old |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ophthalmoscopic Exam in Children includes... |
|
Definition
1. Dilated pupil exam at 2 weeks of age
2. ID disc, macula
3. Darken the room
4. Have the child look at a cracked open door or computer screen to distract |
|
|
Term
| Key to treatment of Strabismus to prevent what complication... |
|
Definition
| EARLY Detection and Treatment to prevent AMBLYOPIA (vision loss) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Secondary Vision loss
(Due to defective development of the visual pathways needed to attain central vision)
Usually Unilateral deficit |
|
|
Term
| Examination of the pediatric eye is... |
|
Definition
| Opportunistic (as always :) |
|
|
Term
| Differentiate Bacterial/Viral/Allergic Conjunctivitis symptoms... |
|
Definition
1. Bacterial: Conjunctival hyperema, edema, mucopurulent exudate
2. Viral: Watery discharge, small follicular changes in the palpebral conjunctiva
3. Allergic: LOTS of itching/rubbing, tearing, conjunctival edema. |
|
|
Term
| Key to Questions in Eye History |
|
Definition
1. Clarify - symptom location (in, surface, around eye)
2. Both or One eye
3. Vision Changes/Photosensitivity
4. Foreign Object
5. Chemical Exposure
6. Trauma
7. Recurrence
8. Hx of DM, renal problems, STI, inflammatory conditions
9. Related S/S
10. ADL's
11. Close family/friends with similar s/s |
|
|
Term
| Very important to diagnosing eye disorders... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Def: Infection of the oil glands that surround an eyelash follicle |
|
|
Term
| Organism causing Hordeolum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signs and Symptoms of Hordeolum |
|
Definition
Local or diffuse swelling of the eyelid
Tenderness
Erythema spreading away from localized site of infection
Occasional sensation of "grit" or FOREIGN OBJECT in eye |
|
|
Term
| Physical Exam for Hordeolum includes: |
|
Definition
1. ALWAYS visual acuity
2. Inspection (evert eyelid, sclera, conjunctiva
3. Palpation (eyelids/preauricular lymph nodes) |
|
|
Term
| Treatment plan for Hordeolum: |
|
Definition
1. Warm Compresses (10-15 min. QID)
2. Cleanse eyelids daily with neutral soup in 1:1 with water
3. Abx: Polytrim or erythromycin eye ointment BID x7 days if symptoms persist |
|
|
Term
| Patient Education for Hordeolum: |
|
Definition
1. Good lid hygiene
2. No Eye Makeup
3. Throw out and replace all recently used makeup
4. Do Not Squeeze or try to pop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic granuloma, develop in meibomian glands on the conjunctival side of lid |
|
|
Term
| Signs and Symptoms of Chalazion |
|
Definition
1. Localized lesions, hard, nontender, minimal erythema
2. NO PAIN
3. Usually away from the lid border |
|
|
Term
| Treatment plan for Chalazion: |
|
Definition
1. If small, asymptomatic: no treatment
2. If large or secondary infection: treat as hordeolum |
|
|
Term
| When to refer to Opthamology for Chalazion/Hordeolum: |
|
Definition
| If not responsive to treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of eyelid margins |
|
|
Term
| Organism causing Blepharitis: |
|
Definition
Staph infection
Other causes: Seborrheic Dermatitis, Rosacea, Allergies |
|
|
Term
| Signs and symptoms of Blepharitis: |
|
Definition
1. Chronic
2. Scaling at eyelid margins
3. Itching, crusting, and erythema
4. Foreign body sensation, burning, eye discomfort
5. If severe/chronic: purulent discharge
6. Hx of recurrent chalazia/hordeola |
|
|
Term
| Physical exam of Blepharitis: |
|
Definition
1. Visual Acuity
2. Examine Eyelid Margins
3. Examine face for seborrheic dermatitis and rosacea |
|
|
Term
| Treatment plan for Blepharitis:. |
|
Definition
1. Avoid source of irritation
2. If dry eyes: use Cellufresh or Bion Tears
3. Lid Hygiene
4. Warm Compresses |
|
|
Term
| How to treat blepharitis if associated with seborrhea |
|
Definition
| Dandruff Shampoo on scalp and brows |
|
|
Term
| Instructions for lid hygiene |
|
Definition
1. Apply warm wet compresses for 2 min, 2-4x daily to lids to increase circulation, mobilize meibomian secretions, and help cleanse crusting debris
2. After compresses - gently scrub eyelids once daily with fingertips or cotton tip applicator using a baby shampoo diluted 1:1 with clean water to remove crust/scales |
|
|
Term
| Signs and Symptoms of Periorbital cellulitis: |
|
Definition
1. Eye Pain
2. Conjunctivitis
3. Epiphora (blurred vision, periorbital erythema, edema) |
|
|
Term
| Causes of Periorbital Cellulitis: |
|
Definition
| Result of Sinus Infection |
|
|
Term
If Periorbital Infection is clearly limited - treat plan:
BUT
If unclear how do you evaluate: |
|
Definition
Ok to treat conservatively
Evaluate with CT scan
Hospitalize for questionable severity |
|
|
Term
| Periorbital cellulitis Treatment In older children: |
|
Definition
Treat with ABX that would treat URI
- Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid or first generation cephalosporin (also IM Ceftriaxone) |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for Periorbital cellulitis if no improvement in 48-72 hours |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chandler Staging System for Periorbital Cellulitis |
|
Definition
Stage I: Periorbital Cellulitis
Stage II: Inflammatory Orbital Edema
Stage III: Subperiosteal Abscess
Stage IV: Orbital Abscess |
|
|
Term
| Define Orbital Cellulitis, and cheek |
|
Definition
An acute infection of the tissues immediately surrounding the eye, including the eyelids, eyebrow
Location is Postseptal - involves infection of fat, muscle within the bony orbit |
|
|
Term
| Serious Complication of Orbital Cellulitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes of Orbital Cellulitis |
|
Definition
1. Bacteria from Sinus Infection
2. H. Influenza - less common d/t HIB vaccine
3. Staph aureus, strep pneumoniae, GABHS
4. Styes, Bug bites, eyelid injury |
|
|
Term
| Signs and Symptoms of Orbital Cellulitis |
|
Definition
1. Painful swelling or upper and lower eyelid (can include cheek and eyebrow)
2. Bulging eyes
3. Decreased vision
4. Eye PAIN - especially with movement (Quiet Eye)
5. Fever >102
6. Shiny, red/purple eyelid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term to describe the desire to keep eyeball in one position within eye socket |
|
|
Term
| Physical Exam of Orbital Cellulitis |
|
Definition
1. Evaluation
2. CBC, Blood Culture, Lumbar Puncture
3. Sinus x-ray, MRI of eye orbit
4. Culture of eye/nose/throat |
|
|
Term
| Plan if Patient presents with swollen red eye with difficulty moving eye: |
|
Definition
| Refer to ER/Hospital immediately for treatment of Orbital Cellulitis |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Orbital Cellulitis: |
|
Definition
1. Hospitalization - for IV ABX
2. Possible surgery to drain abscess |
|
|
Term
| Prognosis of Orbital Cellulitis: |
|
Definition
With prompt treatment, full recovery is suspected
If no treatment - BLINDNESS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Redness or conjunctival injection
Extensive Differential List |
|
|
Term
| Red Eye Defense Mechanism: |
|
Definition
1. Tears (with immunoglobulin A and lysoenzymes - wash)
2. Conjunctival Immune System (Lymphocytes, plasma cells and neutrophils) |
|
|
Term
| Differential Diagnosis of Red Eye NO Pain or Vision Loss |
|
Definition
1. Conjunctivitis
2. Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
3. Episcrleritis |
|
|
Term
| Differential Diagnosis of Red Eye with Pain BUT NORMAL vision |
|
Definition
1. Episcleritis
2. Keratitis
3. Cluster Headache
4. Corneal Abrasion
5. Corneal Ulcer |
|
|
Term
| Differential Diagnosis of Red Eye WITH Pain and Impaired Vision |
|
Definition
1. Iritis
2. Glaucoma
3. Orbital Cellulitis
4. Scleritis
5. Corneal Abrasion
6. Corneal Ulcer
7. Keratitis |
|
|
Term
| Most Common Cause of Red/Pink Eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Conjunctival Injection Defined: |
|
Definition
Diffuse dilatation of vessels with redness that tends to be maximal at periphery
Can be used to differentiate conjunctivitis based on distribution of injection |
|
|
Term
| Result of small blood vessel rupture in the conjunctival tissue |
|
Definition
| Subconjunctival Hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| Causes of Subconjunctival Hemorrhage |
|
Definition
1. Coughing
2. Vomiting
3. Straining
4. HTN
5. Blood thinners |
|
|
Term
| Can occur to infants during vaginal birth |
|
Definition
| Subconjunctival Hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Plan for Subconjunctival Hemorrhage: |
|
Definition
| Painless, no impact on visual acuity and blood reabsorbs gradually in about 1 week THEREFORE NO treatment |
|
|
Term
| Progression of Subconjunctival Hemorrhage to educate patients about: |
|
Definition
| The hemorrhage will act like a bruise - changing in color as it heals - it tends to get darker at the bottom of the eye and lighter at the top due to gravity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Benign inflammation of the covering of the sclera |
|
|
Term
| Signs and Symptoms of Episcleritis |
|
Definition
1. Bilateral Mild Stinging
2. Peripheral injection
3. NO discharge
4. NO visual acuity impairment
5. Tearing
6. Photophobia |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Episcleritis |
|
Definition
| Improves without treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unilateral Inflammation of sclera |
|
|
Term
| Scleritis can result in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scleritis is associates with... |
|
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Systemic immunological disease
Autoimmune disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Pain
2. Ciliary Injection
3. Tearing
4. Visual acuity can be affected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Middle layer of the eye, provides most of the blood supply to the retina |
|
|
Term
Anterior Uveitis defined
aka |
|
Definition
| Iritis - inflammation of the anterior part of the eye - Inflammation of the iris and ciliary body |
|
|
Term
| Central Redness of the eye with ciliary flush = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Eye Pain (moderate/aching)
2. Visual acuity decreased
3. Minimal eye discharge
4. Pupil is smaller and cornea appears normal
5. Ciliary FLUSH |
|
|
Term
Posterior Uveitis Defined
AKA |
|
Definition
| Choroiditis (a layer of blood vessels and connective tissue) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Sun Protection
2. Possibly steroid eye drops or pupil dilation drops (by opthalmogist) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infection/Irritation of the cornea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Bacterial/Viral/Fungal
2. From Mild Injury i.e. fingernail scratch, contact lens use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Eye Pain (mod/severe)
2. Some Discharge/Tearing
3. Visual Acuity decreased
4. Photophobia
5. Cloudy Cornea
6. Peripheral Injection Diffuse
7. Ciliary Flush |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Depends on the cause
2. If noninfectious - Eye patch x 24hours and Eye Lubrication |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of Corneal Abrasion |
|
Definition
1. Eye Pain
2. Feeling of foreign Object
3. Redness
4. Tearing |
|
|
Term
| Physical Exam of Corneal Abrasion |
|
Definition
| Flourescein Staining with wood's lamp |
|
|
Term
| Management of MINOR Corneal Abrasion |
|
Definition
| Heal within 72 hours - Reexamine patient DAILY due to potential for blindness associated with deeper progression |
|
|
Term
| Management of foreign body corneal abrasion |
|
Definition
REMOVE foreign body - Use ABX ointment/drop
DC eye make-up and contact lens use until healed
REFER if extensive injury immediately |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma is most common in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma |
|
Definition
1. Unilateral Headache
2. Visual Blurring
3. Nausea
4. Photophobia |
|
|
Term
| Physical Exam findings of Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma |
|
Definition
1. Non-reactive pupils that are semi-dilated
2. Scleral Injection |
|
|
Term
| Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma is... |
|
Definition
| An Ophthalmologic Emergency - REFER |
|
|
Term
| Occurs when eye does not produce tears properly or the tears are not of the correct consistency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of Dry Eye Syndrome |
|
Definition
Dry stinging eyes
Sandy/gritty feeling
Episodes of tearing followed by dryness
Stringy discharge
Redness
Pain in eye
Eye fatigue/heavy eyelids |
|
|
Term
| Dry Eye syndrome commonly presents in ... population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome |
|
Definition
1. Treat the Cause First
2. Artificial Tears
3. Eye Lubricants
4. Avoid aggravating activities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Common, non-cancerous growth of the conjunctiva |
|
|
Term
| Physical exam findings of Pinguecula |
|
Definition
Small, yellowish nodule on the conjunctiva near the cornea
Can appear on either side of the cornea - tends to be on the nasal side
Confined to bulbar conjunctiva |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-cancerous growth of the conjunctiva that extends onto the cornea, usually from the nasal aspect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Similar to Pinguecula
2. Uni- or Bi-lateral involvement
3. Painless |
|
|
Term
| Risk factors of Pterygium |
|
Definition
1. Exposure to sunny, dusty sandy or windblown areas
2. Farmers, Fishermen
3. People living near the equator
RARE in children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Leading cause of vision impairment and blindness in the US are age-related changes i.e. |
|
Definition
Macular Degeneration
Cataracts
Glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| Refractive Disorders include |
|
Definition
Myopia
Hyperopia
Astigmatism
Presbyopia |
|
|
Term
| Refractive Disorders defined |
|
Definition
| The shape of the eye prevents light from focusing directly on the retina affecting vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NEARsightedness
Object up close are clear, but far away objects are blurry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
FARsightedness
Objects up close are blurry, but far away objects are clear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eye does not focus light on retina evenly - the objects are blurry and stretched out |
|
|
Term
| Common age related change of eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ability to focus on objects close up is more difficult because the eyeball is not longer able to change shape as easily to accomodate different focal lengths |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reading Glasses or Bifocals |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Refractive Disorders |
|
Definition
Eye Glasses
Contact Lenses
Refractive Surgery |
|
|
Term
| Decreased transparency of the crystalline lens to the decree that vision is decreased... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Protein coagulation - forming opaque areas - unknown reasons
Natural Aging Process |
|
|
Term
| Signs and Symptoms of Cataracts |
|
Definition
Decreased Vision
Glare - at night with driving
Distortion - straight edges appear wavy, double vision
Altered color perception |
|
|
Term
| Risk Factors of Cataracts |
|
Definition
DM
Corticosteroid Therapy
Tobacco
ETOH use |
|
|
Term
| Cataracts Physical Exam includes |
|
Definition
Visual Acuity (decreased)
Pupillary Reaction to light (unaffected)
Observation of eye - Leukokoria (white pupil) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
REFER for ophthalmology eval
for slit lamp exam
Surgery |
|
|
Term
| Slowing Cataract progression |
|
Definition
Decrease sun exposure
Smoking cessation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of ocular disorders characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) with optic nerve damage and/or visual field loss via capillary microinfarctions, causing OPTIC NERVE ISCHEMIA |
|
|
Term
| Third leading cause of blindness in US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
High IOP
African American
Myopia
DM
HTN
Family Hx |
|
|
Term
| Primary Open Angel Glaucoma caused by... |
|
Definition
Secondary to another condition
An abnormality in the trabecular angle tissue - causing resistance to fluid flow |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma |
|
Definition
Insidious Onset
Chronic
Gradual Loss of Peripheral Vision |
|
|
Term
| True or False: IOP alone CANNOT be used to diagnose Primary Open Angle Glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma |
|
Definition
REFER - opthamology eval with slit lamp exam and IOP measured with tonomotry
- Increased cup-to-disc ratio |
|
|
Term
| Normal Tension Glaucoma if... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flashes and Floaters caused by... |
|
Definition
| Vitreous shrinks and becomes "stringy" - strands cast shadows in the eye - Common with aging |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a section of the vitreous pulls away all at once causing new floaters to suddenly appear - NO Treatment |
|
|
Term
| Retinal Detachment defined |
|
Definition
| Occurs when the neurosensory retina is separated from the retinal pigment epithelium |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of Retinal Detachment |
|
Definition
| Sudden increase in floaters, light flashes, peripheral vision loss "curtain going down on eye" |
|
|
Term
| Leading cause of blindness in the US |
|
Definition
| Age-related macular degeneration |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of Macular Degeneration |
|
Definition
| Asymptomatic or Gradual loss of central vision |
|
|
Term
| Risk factors of Macular Degeneration |
|
Definition
Increased Age
Family Hx
Smoking
HTN
Women |
|
|
Term
| Physical exam of Macular Degeneration includes |
|
Definition
Visual Acuity
Dilated eye exam
Tonometry |
|
|
Term
| Exudative Macular Degeneration aka |
|
Definition
| Wet - RAPID vision loss - development of abnormal blood vessels that leak fluid under the retina - straight lines appear wavy - REFER immediately |
|
|
Term
| Nonexudative Macular Degeneration aka |
|
Definition
| Dry - Gradual loss of central vision - light sensitive cells of the macula slowly break down. |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of WET Macular Degeneration |
|
Definition
Laser Surgery
Photodynamic Therapy (med injected into blood stream, light shone in eye to activate drug and new blood vessels are destroyed)
Injections of medications to stop growth of blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of DRY Macular Degeneration |
|
Definition
Advanced stage - NO treatment
If Early Stage - Treatment slows progression i.e. zinc/antioxidant supplements |
|
|
Term
| Ear function is imperative for... |
|
Definition
1. Hearing
2. Acquisition of speech
3. Ability to maintain an upright position
4. Learning
5. Socializing
6. Developing Language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Pars flaccida
2. Short process of malleus
3. Manubrium
4. Umbo
5. Light Reflex (cone of light)
6. Pars Tensa
7. Annulus |
|
|
Term
| Healthy hearing 2010 Initiative goal... |
|
Definition
| Universal screening children less than 3 months old |
|
|
Term
| Hearing screening in Newborns... |
|
Definition
| Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) or Auditory brainstem response (ABR) |
|
|
Term
| AAP and Bright Futures recommend...at ages 3-5, 10, 12, 15, and 18 years old |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) |
|
Definition
| Physiologic test that measures response of inner ear to brief clicks or tones. Done at any age - child's response is not needed. Takes less than 2 min. in a quiet child. Low cost. |
|
|
Term
| True or False: OAE Can detect unilateral and mild hearing loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When to refer with OAE... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) |
|
Definition
| Measures the initiation of sound-induced electrical signals in the cochlea & Measures functioning of the peripheral auditory system and neurologic pathways related to hearing |
|
|
Term
| Used to asses hearing if OAE is absent... |
|
Definition
| Auditory Brainstem Response |
|
|
Term
| Hearing aids can be placed as early as ... age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If Amplification of sound <6 months affects ... development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When to worry: 0-4 months old hearing... |
|
Definition
Should startle to loud sounds
Quiet to mother's voice
Cease activity momentarily when sound is made at conversational levels |
|
|
Term
| When to worry: 5-6 months hearing... |
|
Definition
Should correctly localize to a sound
Begin to imitate sounds |
|
|
Term
| When to Worry: 7-12 months hearing... |
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Definition
Correctly localize sound in any plane
Respond to name (turn toward you) |
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Term
| When to worry: 13-15 months hearing... |
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Definition
Should point toward unexpected sound OR to familiar persons when asked
i.e. Where is momma? |
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Term
| When to worry: 16-18 months hearing... |
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Definition
Should follow simple directions
i.e. Go get shoes |
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Term
| When to worry: 19-24 months hearing... |
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Definition
should point to body parts when asked
i.e. if shy - ask where is mom's ears? |
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Term
| Acute Otitis Media (AOM) defined |
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Definition
| An acute infection of the middle ear |
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Term
| Three requirements for diagnosis of AOM |
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Definition
1. Recent abrupt onset of s/s such as ear pain, irritability, otorrhea (drainage), +/- fever
2. Middle ear effusion confirmed by bulging TM, limited or decreased mobility, air fluid level
3. S/S of middle ear inflammation: Red TM, Otalgia, Interfering with sleep/activity |
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Term
| S/S of middle ear inflammation: |
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Definition
1. Red TM
2. Otalgia
3. Interfere with sleep/activity |
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Term
| Most common organism of AOM... |
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Definition
S. Pneumoniae
H. Influenzae
M. Catarrhalis |
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Term
| Bullous Myringitis concomitant symtpoms |
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Definition
1. Blister on eardrum
2. Conjunctivitis |
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Term
| Bullous Myringitis organism |
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Definition
| H. Influenza (non-typable) |
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Term
| Treatment plan for Bullous Myringitis |
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Definition
| Augmentin 90mg/kg/day BID x10days |
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