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Eye
N/A
34
Histology
Undergraduate 4
05/06/2012

Additional Histology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
three eye layers
Definition
CORNEOSCLERAL COAT - sclera, cornea
VASCULAR COAT - uvea, choroid, ciliary body, iris
RETINA - inner layer, inner neural retina, epi of ciliary body/iris; continuous with CNS through optic nerve
Term
ciliary body
Definition
ringlike thickening that extends inward just posterior to corneoscleral junction; ciliary muscle - smooth musc responsible for lens accommodation
Term
iris
Definition
contractile diaphragm extends over ant surface of lens; contains smooth musc, melanin-containing pigment cells in CT; highly vascularized CT stroma; posterior pigment epithelium - face posterior chamber;
Term
retina
Definition
neural retina - inner layer containing light-sensitive receptors, rods and cones, complex neural networks
RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM - outer layer composed of simple cuboidal melanin-containing cells
Externally rests on choroid, internally associated with vitreous body
Term
anterior chamber
Definition
space between cornea and iris
Term
posterior chamber
Definition
space between posterior surface of iris and anterior surface of lens
Term
vitreous chamber
Definition
space between posterior surface of lens and neural retina
Term
aqueous humor
Definition
watery fluid located in anterior and posterior chambers; provides nutrients to avascular cornea and lens; produced by ciliary epithelium;
Term
lens
Definition
transparent, crystalline, biconcave structure suspended from inner surface of ciliary body by ring of oriented zonular fibers - ZONULE OF ZINN;
Term
vitreous body
Definition
transparent gel substance that fills vitreous chamber; shock absorber; 99% water, with soluble proteins, dispersed collagen, - fluid component, VITREOUS HUMOR
Term
5 layers of cornea
Definition
CORNEAL EPITHELIUM
Bowman's membrane
CORNEAL STROMA
Descemet's membrane
CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM
Term
corneal epithelium
Definition
nonkeratinized strat squam epi; continuous with conjunctival epi over sclera; numerous nerve endings; BOWMAN'S MEMBRANE imparts strength to cornea, prevents spread of infection
Term
corneoscleral limbus
Definition
junction of cornea and sclera; contains stem cells for corneal epithelium; acts as barrier to conjunctival epi cells, prevent migration to cornea
Term
corneal stroma
Definition
60 thin lamellae each of PARALLEL bundles of collagen fibrils; uniform collagen/lamellae spacing and orthogonal lamellae array responsible for transparency of cornea;
Term
corneal epithelium
Definition
DESCEMET'S MEMBRANE - basal lamina of corneal endothelium; meshwork of fibers/pores; extends peripherally into sclera to form PECTINATE LIGAMENTS
simple squam, faces anterior chamber; junctional complexes; mediates corneal metabolic exchanges; na+/k+ ATPase regulate water content of stroma
Term
sclera
Definition
thick fibrous layer, flat collagen bundles in various directions; irregularity contributes opacity; 3 layers: EPISCLERA - external, loose CT; SCLERA PROPER - investing fascia of eye, dense thick collagen; LAMINA FUSCA - inner, adjacent to choroid, thinner collagen/elastic fibers, CT cells, mac's melanocytes...
Term
anterior pigment myoepithelium of iris
Definition
beneath posterior pigment epithelium; posterior portions laden with melanin granules; boundary with post. pigment epi cells obscured; anterior portions possess contractile elements extending radially that make up DILATOR PUPILLAE MUSCLE of iris
Term
sphincter pupillae muscle
Definition
circumferentially oriented smooth muscle celles located in stroma of iris; constriction of pupil; innervated by parasympathetic nerves; reduce pupil in response to bright light
Term
dilator pupillae muscle
Definition
thin sheet of radially oriented contractile processes of pigmented myoepithelial cells constituting the anterior pigment epithelium of the iris. innervated by sympathetic nerves; increases pupil size in response to dim light
Term
ciliary processes
Definition
thickenings of inner vascular region of ciliary body; continuous with vascular layers of choroid; covered by double layer of columnar epi
Term
ciliary epithelium
Definition
double layer of columnar epi cells covering ciliary body and processes; secrete aqueous humor; blood-aqueous barrier; secretion and anchoring of zonular fibers that form suspensory ligament of lens, fibers insert into lens capsule
Term
movement of aqueous humor
Definition
passes from ciliary body toward lens, then bet iris and lens, reaches anterior chamber, passes lateraly between cornea and iris, penetrates limbus, exits via canal of Schlemm - communicates with veins of sclera
Term
choroid
Definition
dark brown vascular sheet between sclera and retina; CHORIOCAPILLARY LAYER - inner vascular layer, BRUCH'S MEMBRANE - thin, amorphous hyaline membrane
Term
perichoroidal space
Definition
between sclera and retina; traversed by thin branching lamellae passing from sclera to choroid, CT elements between
Term
retina
Definition
2 basic layers: NEURAL RETINA: inner layer with photoreceptor cells; RPE:outer layer attached through Bruch's membrane to choriocapillary layer of choroid; potential space between layers - retinal detachment possible
Term
neural retina
Definition
2 regions: NONPHOTOSENSITIVE REGION - anterior to ora serrata, inner aspect of ciliary, posterior surface of iris; PHOTOSENSITIVE REGION - lines inner surface of eye posterior to ora serrata, pierced by optic nerve
Term
optic disc
Definition
site where optic nerve joins retina; devoid of photoreceptor cells - blind spot in visual field;
Term
fovea centralis
Definition
shallow depression located laterally to optic disc; area of greatest visual acuity; visual axis of eyes passes through; MACULA LUTEA - yellow zone surrounding fovea; highest concentration, most precisely organized visual elements
Term
ten layers of retina
Definition
RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM - outer layer, not part of neural retina, intimately associated though
LAYER OF RODS & CONES - outer, inner segments of photoreceptor cells
OUTER LIMITING MEMBRANE - apical boundary of Muller's cells
OUTER NUCLEAR LAYER - cell bodies of retinal rods/cones
OUTER PLEXIFORM LAYER - processes of retinal rods/cones, processes of horizontal, amacrine, bipolar cells that connect to them
INNER NUCLEAR LAYER - cell bodies of horizontal, amacrine, bipolar, Muller's cells
INNER PLEXIFORM LAYER - processes of horizontal, amacrine, bipolar, ganglion cells that connect to each other
GANGLION CELL LAYER - contains cell bodies of ganglions
LAYER OF OPTIC NERVE FIBERS - processes of ganglion cells that lead from retina to brain
INNER LIMITING MEMBRANE - basal lamina of Muller's cells
Term
rods and cones
Definition
outer segments of photoreceptor cells whose nuclei form outer nuclear layer of retina; rods - sensitive to light, grayscale; cones - 3 types, sensitive to red, blue, green
Term
Muller's cells
Definition
form scaffolding for entire retina; processes invest other cells of retina; basal and apical ends form inner and outer limiting membranes
Term
lens components
Definition
capsule - thick basal lamina, primarily type IV collagen; subcapsular epithelium - cuboidal layer of cells only on anterior surface of lens; lens fibers - derived from subcapsular epithelial cells, cells fill with CRYSTALLINS organize orthogonally
Term
conjunctiva
Definition
thin, transparent mucous membrane extending from corneoscleral limbus across sclera, covers internal surface of eyelids; strat. columnar epi with globelet cells - component of tears
Term
lacrimal gland
Definition
production of tears; beneath conjunctiva; serous acini
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