Term
| What are the three layers of the adult eye? What are they composed of? |
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Definition
Fibrous Layer: Sclera, and cornea
Vascular Layer: choroid, cilliary body, iris
Neural layer: retine |
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Term
| What are the three spaces of the eye? |
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Definition
Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber
Vitreous body |
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Term
| What are the borders of the anterior layer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the borders of the posterior chamber? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the borders of the vitreous body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the sulci that initially form in the neural folds during eye development? |
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Definition
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Term
| Optic grooves elongate to form what? |
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Definition
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Term
| As the optic vesicles grow, their distals end form what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Surface ectoderm above the optic vesicle thicken to form what? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the lens vesicle form? |
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Definition
| lens placode invaginates and pinches off |
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Term
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Definition
| optic vesicle invaginates and forms the goblet shaped optic cup which recieves the lens vesicle |
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Term
| What is the choroidal (retinal) fissure? |
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Definition
| fissure on ventral surface of optic cups that allows for vascular mesenchyme (hyaloid vessels) to enter. Fissure then closes and entraps the vessels |
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Term
| What do the hyaloid vessels vascularize? |
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Definition
| initally lens and posterior portion of the retina |
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Term
| The hyaloid artery undergoes apoptosis and stops vascularizing what? |
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Definition
| The lens (now recieves nutrients by diffusion from vitreous humor). Contnues providing vascularization to the retina |
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Term
| Where does the retina develop from? |
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Definition
| The wall of the optic cup. Inner layer proliferates to form a thick neuroepithelium |
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Term
| Where does the signalling for the retina come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the optic stalk become the optic nerve? |
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Definition
| Axons of ganglia from the retina are sent into the stalk |
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Term
| Where are the rods and cones located? |
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Definition
| deepest layer of the retina, light has to traverse the retina |
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Term
| What does the outer layer of the optic cup form? |
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Definition
| retinal pigment epithelium |
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Term
| What seperates the neuroectoderm and pigment retina from each other? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the clinical significance of the intraretinal space? |
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Definition
| Site for retinal detachment because the two layers are not fused. Detachment will lead to blindness because the vascularization to the retina is on the pigment epithelium |
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Term
| From what does the lens develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| Posterior cells of the lens form into what? |
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Definition
| Primary lens fibers. these fibers are post-mitotic |
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Term
| Anterior cells of the lens form into what? |
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Definition
| Secondary lens fibers. These cells continue to replicate |
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Term
| What signalling molecule is involved in secondary lens formation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the orbit signals the secondary lens fibers? |
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Definition
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Term
| The cornea is derived from what cells? |
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Definition
| mesenchyme that fills space between lens and ectoderm |
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Term
| What signals the development of the choroid and sclera? |
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Definition
| retinal pigment epithelium |
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Term
| What is the choroid and sclera derived from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cilliary body? |
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Definition
| Wedge shaped extension of the choroid, this is where cilliary muscle of accommodation forms |
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Term
| Cilliary smooth muscle is derived from what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The stroma of the iris is derived from what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The dilator pupilae and sphincter pupillae are derived from what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What the critical factor involved with iris color? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the pupillary membrane? |
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Definition
| Transient structure that separates the anterior and posterior chamber |
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Term
| Where does the vitrous body form? |
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Definition
| In the cavity of the optic cup |
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Term
| What is vitreous body derived from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the vitreous humor made by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the vitreous humor derived from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do lacrimal glands develop from? |
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Definition
| Solid buds of surface ectoderm |
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Term
| Eyelashes and glands of eyelids are derived from what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do eyelids develop from? |
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Definition
| neural crest mesenchyme and folds of ectoderm that grow over cornea |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is coloboma of the iris? |
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Definition
| "Keyhole iris". Defective closure of retinal fissure. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Absence of all tissues of the eye |
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Term
| What is congenital aniridia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Congenital Aphakia? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the impact of increased CSF pressure on the eye? |
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Definition
| Edema of the optic disc which will slow venous return from retina. Can detect venous swelling here (called papilladema), clinically very useful |
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Term
| What are eye defects associated with Rubella (measles)? |
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Definition
| Congenital glacoma and cataracts |
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