Term
|
Definition
| major opportunistic pathogen; follows heavy antibiotic use and foreign object placement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ventilator-associated pneumonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aerobic, non-fermentative, grows on bile salts, oxidase positive, pyocyanin positive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| virulence factors of P. aeruginosa |
|
Definition
| type 3 secretion, hemolysins, proteases, exotoxin A, alginate for biofilm formation, pyoverdin, pyocyanin |
|
|
Term
| multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa |
|
Definition
| mutation of porin and beta lactamases |
|
|
Term
| clinical diseases of P. aeruginosa |
|
Definition
| hot tub dermatitis, swimmer's ear, endocarditis in IV drug users, eye infections with contact use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ventilator associated pneumonia, IV line sepsis, UTIs |
|
|
Term
| abnormal P. aeruginosa infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteremia in CF patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteremia in burn patients and immunocompromised/neutropenics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic P. aeruginosa infections |
|
|
Term
| pathogenesis for chronic P. aeruginosa infection |
|
Definition
| early airway colonization with pili and flagellum, binding to mucus, eventual loss of O side chains/flagellum/pili, upregulation of alginate, biofilm formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aminoglycoside + anti-bacteria-specific beta lactam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| like Pseudomonas, respiratory infections and septicemia, important in immunocompromised |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| very antibiotic resistant, pneumonia and bacteremia, occurs in patients undergoing broad spectrum treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nocosomial pneumonia, septicemia, soft tissue infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gram - rods, rapid growth, oxidase negative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| >30% septicemias, 70% UTIs, and most of gastroenteritis |
|
|
Term
| surface antigens of enteric pathogens |
|
Definition
| K (capsule), O polysaccharide, H (flagella), Vi |
|
|
Term
| enteric pathogenesis and immunity |
|
Definition
| K and H variations, plasmid allows antibiotic resistance, Type 3 secretion, hydrophilic capsule, endotoxic lipid A |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abundant in GI tract, normal flora, causes sepsis/neonatal meningitis/gastroenteritis/UTI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adhesins, Shiga toxins, heat stable toxins, heat labile toxins, hemolysins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common cause of community-acquired gram negative bacteremia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common cause of ICU-acquired gram negative bacteremia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized pili on E. coli causes more virulent UTI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| E. coli UTI w/ new partner |
|
|
Term
| prevention/treatment of E. coli UTI |
|
Definition
| trimethoprim, tannin from cranberries and blueberries to block adhesion, good hygiene |
|
|
Term
| 2nd most common cause of neonatal meningitis behind group B strep |
|
Definition
| E. coli w/ K-1 capsular protein |
|
|
Term
| 5 groups of E. coli strains |
|
Definition
| enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC), and enteroaggregative (EAEC) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infant diarrhea in developing countries, 2-6d incubation, watery diarrhea, dehydration is deadly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| injects its own receptor (Tir) for intimin, pedestal formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "hamburger disease," 0157:H7, <100 can cause disease, expresses Shiga-like toxins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hemorrhagic colitis, 3-4d incubation, watery diarrhea w/ vomiting, complication is hemolytic uremic syndrome |
|
|
Term
| hemolytic uremic syndrome |
|
Definition
| most common cause of acute renal failure in children, also causes hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treatment is supportive, antibiotics not suggested, suspected in patients with acute bloody diarrhea w/o fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| traveler's diarrhea, high ID50 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diarrhea for 3-4d after 1-2d incubation, heat labile toxins LT-1 and 2, heat stable toxins STa and STb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pinv genes on plasmid, invades and destroys colonic epithelium, dystentery-like syndrome w/ bloody mucoid stools, cramps/fever for 1 week |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mediated by bundle-forming fimbriae, causes persistent diarrhea and possibly growth retardation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lactose fermenter, grows green on EMB agar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluoroquinolone guided by susceptibility testing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-motile, does not ferment lactose, severe invasive disease, low ID50 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| S. sonnei, S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae, S. boydii |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| considered pediatric disease, humans are only reservoir, fecal contamination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IpaD adhesin, invasion plasmid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| like ricin toxin, cleaves 28S rRNA and inhibits protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small volume diarrhea, cramps, fever, vomiting, blood/mucus in stools, incubation 1-7d, associated w/ rectal bleeding and mucosal ulceration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leukocytes in feces and stool culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluoroquinolones and then susceptibility is tested, no vaccine available |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| motile, does not ferment lactose, produces H2S |
|
|
Term
| 3 species of Salmonella recognized |
|
Definition
| S. typhi, S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis |
|
|
Term
| Salmonella pathogenesis factors |
|
Definition
| type 3 secretion, SPI-1 and 2, ruffling of host cell membranes, resist stomach acid and phagocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3rd most commonly reported "food poisoning," major cause of human gastroenteritis, self-limiting, antibiotics not recommended |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| humans are only reservoir, fecal-oral route, low infection dose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rising (step-wise) fever, bacteremia, abdominal pain and rash in week 2, perotinitis/secondary bacteremia/hepatosplenomegaly in week 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treated with fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicol, 2 vaccines available |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-motile, lactose-fermenting, prominent capsule w/ mucoid appearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thick bloody sputum w/ currant jelly appearance, primary lobar pneumonia, higher risk for alcoholics w/ compromised pulmonary function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expended spectrum beta lactamase, capable of inactivating cephalosporins and monobactams |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| UTIs, kidney infections, kidney stones, has urease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| siderophilic, entercolitica and pseudotuberculosis spp. cause gastroenteritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| called Sylvatic plague in modern times, zoonotic disease, high mortality w/ 3 major pandemics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Yop proteins, type 3 secretion system, antiphagocytic capsule, plasminogen activating protease, serum resistant factor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tetracycline or streptomycin, isolation required until clear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| safe handling of rodents, vaccine exists but is no longer available |
|
|
Term
| anaerobic gram negative rods |
|
Definition
| Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella, Prophromonas, Fusobacterium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anaerobic gram positive, spore-forming |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gram positive anaerobic, non spore-forming, cocci |
|
|
Term
| Propionibacterium acnes and Actinomyces |
|
Definition
| gram positive rods, anaerobic, non spore-forming |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PO2 < 0.5%, lack superoxide dismutase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outnumber aerobes 5:1, found in GI tract, nasal passages, vagina, cervix, mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endogenous anaerobic pathogen, abdominal abscesses and bacteremia, BFT enzyme, organic acid production causes foul smell in wound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resistant to kanamycin, vancomycin, and colistin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treatment required: metronidazole + surgery + antibiotics for gram negative infection when infection is mixed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| filamentous bacteria, not acid-fast, gram positive rods, sinus tract abscesses, form sulfur granules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| OBGYN infections, aspiration pneumonia, wound abscesses, brain abscesses, chronic otitis media |
|
|
