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Definition
| designed to establish a true cause-and-effect relationship |
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| conducted in the tightly structured conditions of a lab |
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| conducted where people actually live, work, and play in the real world of classrooms, worksites, and communities |
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Definition
| the extent to which the observed effect the independent variable on the dependent variable are real and not caused by extraneous factors |
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Definition
| involves the ability to generalize study results to other groups anf settings beyong those in the current study |
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| threats to internal validity |
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Definition
| any aspect of a study that causes one to question if the results are true and accurate |
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Definition
| when events occur outside of a research study between pretest and posttest that could affect participants in such a way as to have an impact on the dependent variable |
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Term
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Definition
| in experimental research, a group of participants exactly like the treatment group in every way possible except they recieve no treatment |
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| the group recieving the treatment |
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| changes seen in subjects are a rsult of the time that has elapsed since the study began and not any program effects |
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| a measurement taken to obtain the status or level of a variable prior to initiating a study |
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Definition
| learning techniques or strategies for taking a test that improve one's test scores |
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Definition
| learning that results from taking a prestest causes one to do better on a posttest |
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| threat to validity that occurs when study participants are selected in a nonrandom manner |
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| to threat to validity from an attrition of study participants |
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Definition
| occurs when participants' attitudes toward being involved in a study affects the way they behave |
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Definition
| differences caused by participants' expectations instead of any provided treatment |
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Definition
| occurs when the treatment being applied to one group spills over to or contaminates another group |
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Definition
| occurs when there are differences in the location where interventions take place |
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| a threat to internal validity that occurs when those respondsible for implementing the experimental treatment inadvertently introduce inequality or bias into the study |
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| selection treatment interaction |
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Definition
| external threat to validity that concerns the ability of a researcher to generalize the results of a study beyond the groups involved in the study due to the way the study groups were selected |
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Definition
| those in the population who are accessible to the researcher, who had the potential of being selected for the study, and to whom the results can be generalized |
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Definition
| those individuals in the universe that are specified by time and place |
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Term
| setting treatment interaction |
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Definition
| a threat that concerns the extent to which the enviromental conditions or setting under which an experiemental study was conducted can be duplicated in other settings |
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Term
| history treatment interaction |
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Definition
| a threat to external validity that develops :when the researcher tries to generalize findings to past and future situations" |
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Term
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Definition
| a statisicial technique that can be used to control for initial group differences |
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