Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NON-carbon based compound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organic molecule made of only carbon and hydrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of atoms bonded to a compound that behaves in predictable ways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small molecules that make up larger molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large molecule made up of smaller molecules (monomers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organic compound made up of sugar molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sugar that contains one sugar unit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sugar that contains two monosacharides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sugar that is made up of 3 or more monosaccharides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polysaccharide in plant cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polysaccharide in animal cells (animal version of starch) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant-cell walls; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aka fats & oils, they are hydrophobic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organic compound consisting of a three-carbon backbone (glycerol) attached to three fatty acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fat in which all three fatty acid chains contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogens in one or more of its fatty acid chains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| steroid molecule present in the plasma membranes of animal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polymer constructed from a set of 20 amino acid monomers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monomer that makes up proteins; contains carboxyl and amino functional groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chain of linked amino acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor -loses function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| minimum amount of energy required to trigger a chemical reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| agent that speeds up chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized protein that speeds up chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specific reactant acted on by an enzyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits |
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 groups of biological compounds: |
|
Definition
| carbohydrate, lipid, protein, nucleic acid |
|
|
Term
| How many bonds can a single carbon atom form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of reaction occurs when monomers are linked? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What molecule is released during a dehydration reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of reaction occurs when polymers are broken down/apart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What molecule is required for a hydrolysis reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of carbohydrate is utilized for short term energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of carbohydrate is utilized for longterm energy sources? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which biological molecule is made up of C,H, and O only in ratios of 1:2:1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Steroids fall into which category of biological molecules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 3 uses of oils/fats/lipids |
|
Definition
1. insulate body temperature
2. Store energy
3. Used to form cell membranes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of a lipid that is a chemical messenger |
|
|
Term
| What are the monomers that make up the polymers proteins? |
|
Definition
| amino acids (20 different kinds) |
|
|
Term
| Give three functions/uses of proteins. |
|
Definition
1. Found in muscles and hair
2. Part of immune system
3. Chemical messengers |
|
|
Term
| Name the four parts of an amino acid: |
|
Definition
Carboxyl group
Hydrogen
Amine group
"Function group" varies with each a.a. |
|
|
Term
| What are two things that influence the shape of a protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of Nucleic Acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is different about DNA vs. RNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the monomer of the polymer carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the monomer that makes up a nucleic acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the monomer that makes up a nucleic acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give the 3 parts that make up a nucleotide: |
|
Definition
1. Sugar
2. Phosphate
3. Nitrogen Base |
|
|
Term
| How many different types of nitrogen bases are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 nitrogen bases found in DNA |
|
Definition
| Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine |
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 nitrogen bases found in RNA: |
|
Definition
| Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine |
|
|
Term
| Why does a purine always pair with a pyrimidine? |
|
Definition
| It maintains a constant width of "rung" on the DNA molecule |
|
|
