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| What is Darwin famous for studying? |
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Definition
| Galapagos Finches (birds) |
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| Darwin's finches are an example of what kind of evolution? |
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Definition
| the change over time of the gene pool of a species/population |
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| inherited characteristic/trait that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment |
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descent with modification: |
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Definition
| process by which descendants of ancestral organisms spread into various habitats and accumulate adaptations to diverse ways of life |
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Definition
| process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment leave more offspring than do other individuals |
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| What 2 ideas were common PRIOR to Darwin? |
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Definition
1. Species were fixed/do not change over time 2. The earth was less than 10,000 years old. |
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| What was Lamarck's theory? |
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Definition
Lamarck believed that traits acquired over their lifetime could be passed on to offspring. Example: if I dyed my hair purple, my kids could have purple hair. |
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| What was the name of the book Darwin wrote? |
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| Name the areas of evidence that influenced Darwin/used to support natural selection. |
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Definition
1. Geology 2. Fossils 3. Distribution of populations/species 4. Comparative Anatomy/Homologous structures 5. Vestigial Structures 6. Biochemical comparison 7. Selective breeding |
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Term
| What did Darwin observe in the Galapagos Islands? |
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Definition
| That all of the finches resembled those of the main island however they were uniquely adapted to each of their islands. |
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Definition
| preserved remains or marking left by an organism that lived in the past |
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Definition
| chronological collection of life's remains in sedimentary rock layers |
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Definition
| no longer existing as a living species on Earth |
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| similar structure found in more than one species that share a common ancestor |
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Definition
| remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species' ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species |
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Term
| Give an example of a vestigial structure: |
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Definition
appendix pelvic bone in snake tailbone |
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Term
| Give an example of homologous structures. |
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Definition
| The forearm of the human hand, cat, whale and bat. |
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Term
| If you compare 3 organisms. Organism A and B are very similar in DNA however organism A and C are very different. What conclusion can you draw? |
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Definition
| Organism A and B more closely related and probably have a common ancestor while organism A and organism C are less closely related. |
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Definition
| group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area at the same time |
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Definition
| difference among members of a species |
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Definition
| selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to produce offspring with desired genetic traits |
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Term
| Give an example of natural selection: |
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Definition
| When rabbits become more white and less brown as a population lives in a snowy region. |
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Term
| Give an example of artificial selection. |
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Definition
| When breeding cows to produce more milk. |
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Term
How is a doctor's advice to finish all of your antibiotics (medicine) important to the idea of natural selection. |
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Definition
| Any bacteria that survive the first few doses of bacteria could potentially survive and reproduce passing along genes that make the population more resistant to antibiotics. This could lead to antibiotic resistant bacteria. |
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Definition
| all of the alleles in all the individuals that make up a population |
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Definition
| evolution on the smallest scale—a generation-to-generation change in the frequencies of alleles within a population |
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Term
| Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: |
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Definition
| condition that occurs when the frequency of alleles in a particular gene pool remain constant over time |
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Definition
| change in the gene pool of a population due to chance |
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Definition
| exchange of genes between populations |
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Definition
| contribution that an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation compared to the contributions of other individuals |
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Term
Who is more fit according to Darwin? The olympic athelete with 1 child or the man who eats cheetos and Pepsi everyday but has 12 kids? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a population has a change in gene pool over a 20 year period is that an example of microevolution or macroevolution? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give several examples of "pressures" that contribute to natural selection: |
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Definition
predators competition for food, shelter, or resources natural disaster |
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Term
| which is more random gene flow or genetic drift? |
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Definition
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Definition
| medicine that kills or slows the growth of bacteria |
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| biological species concept: |
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| definition of a species as a population or group of populations whose members can breed with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring |
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| major biological changes evident in the fossil record |
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| condition in which a reproductive barrier keeps two species from interbreeding |
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Definition
| separation of populations as a result of geographic change or migration to geographically isolated places |
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Term
| List 3 types of prezygotic reproductive barriers. |
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Definition
| mechanical, temporal, behavioral |
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Term
| Give an example of geographic isolation. |
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Definition
| Two populations of squirrels are separated by a river that was once dry and reforms, separating them by water. |
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Term
| Give an example of adaptive radiation. |
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Definition
Darwin's finches that be believes started from a single ancestor on the main island. |
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Definition
| study of multicellular organisms as they develop from fertilized eggs to fully formed organisms |
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Term
| How does evolution produce complex structures such as the eye? |
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Definition
| It makes MANY MANY small changes over a period of time. The stages inbetween are all a benefit to the organism...unlike the horse developing wheels. |
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Definition
| branching diagram, suggesting evolutionary relationships, that classifies species into groups within groups |
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Definition
| process in which unrelated species from similar environments have adaptations that seem very similar |
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| Butterflies and birds both developing flight is an example of: |
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Definition
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Definition
| similarities among unrelated species that result from convergent evolution |
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| Wings of butterflies and wings of birds would be considered..... |
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Definition
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Definition
| homologous characteristic that unites organisms as a group |
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| phylogenetic tree constructed from a series of two-way branch points, suggesting ancestral relationships among species |
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Hair on all mammals is an example of: |
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Definition
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[image]What is this picture of? |
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What are the different parts of the diagram (in different colors called?) [image] |
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What is this diagram called? [image] |
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