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Experimental Research
vocabulary associated with common threats to internal validity
18
Writing
Professional
03/15/2010

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Term
History
Definition

an event occuring between pretest and posttest other than the independent variable that could affect the dependent variable

Term
Maturation
Definition
changes occur in participants because of passage of time
Term
testing
Definition
taking a pretest somehow affects the taking of the posttest
Term
Instrumentation
Definition
instuments are not accurate/precise enough or do not measure what they are supposed to measure
Term
Selection bias
Definition
participants selected in a non-random manner differ in some way
Term
Statistical regression
Definition
extremely high or extremely low scores regress toward mean
Term
Mortality/attrition
Definition
participants frop out of the study or cannot be located
Term
Hawthorne
Definition
altered behavior due to the effects of being studied and observed
Term
Placebo
Definition
altered behavior because of expectations
Term
Diffusion
Definition
treatment of experimental group spills over to comparison or control groups
Term
Location
Definition
the location of program or data collection affects participant responses
Term
Implementation
Definition
dfferenced in persons presenting a program affect the program
Term
Internal valididty
Definition
exists if the observed effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable are real and not caused by extraneaous factors
Term
extremal validity
Definition
concerned with the ability to generalize the study results to other froups and settings beyond those in the current experiment
Term
selection treatment interaction
Definition
this threat concerns the ability of a reseracher to generalize the results of the study beyond the groups involvement in the study
Term
setting treatment interaction
Definition
this threat concerns the extent to which the envornmental conditions or setting under which an experimental study was conducted can be duplicated in other settings
Term
history treatment interaction
Definition
this threat to external validity develops when the reseracher tries to generalze finding to past and future situations
Term
analysis of covariance
Definition
ANCOVA can be used to wualize many initial diffeerence that might exist between groups
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