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Definition
| Finding a false effect, probability of a type I error |
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| Not finding an effect when there is an effect, probability of a type II error. |
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Definition
| Each participant performs in only one of the conditions |
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Definition
| Statistic does not equal the parameter, a statistic which violates assumptions of the model. |
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Definition
| Where we expect our population parameter to lie |
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Term
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Definition
| A relationship between two variables or constructs |
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Definition
| Not to establish causality |
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Definition
| Minimum size of a significant effect |
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Term
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Definition
| The minimum number of scores that are theoretically free to vary until they must be fixed. |
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Term
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Definition
| The variables that changes due to influence of the independent variables |
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Term
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Definition
| An interaction for which the lines are not parallel, group differences reverse the signs and the lines cross |
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Term
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Definition
| How big the difference is |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of variability explained by systematic group differences. |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar to DV but can have characteristics of IVs, but may also be caused by another effect. It can be affected or affect another variable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Differences in scores that cannot be accounted for |
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Term
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Definition
| IVs not being caused by another variable, but can have a relationship. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| System of assessing all linear variables at once |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Testing predictions developed based on theoretical findings through the use of systematic empiricism |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Effects of IV on DV depend on level of another IV. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| How likely our statistic has occurred by chance |
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Term
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Definition
| An effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable |
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Term
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Definition
| The variable that explains why an effect occurred |
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Term
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Definition
| A design with between and within subjects factors |
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Term
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Definition
| The variable that explains when, where and for whom does the effect occur. Talking about interactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Statement that says there is no effect |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-parallel lines with interaction where the lines don’t cross |
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Term
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Definition
| The effect is not due to chance |
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Term
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Definition
| The degree that the measure measures one thing |
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Term
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Definition
| What the researcher predicts |
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Term
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Definition
| Stands up to violations of the model |
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Term
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Definition
| Distribution of statistics |
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Term
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Definition
| Do the scores clump on extremes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| How likely you are to find a real effect |
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Term
| Statistically significant |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Measuring what you think you’re measuring |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When participants participate in all conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| *Biological Events (hunger) **environmental conditions (aspects of an experimental setting) ***heredity factors (baseline hormone levels, some disabilities) ****Previous training or experience (having taken a quant methods course) *****Maturity (age, social maturity) |
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Term
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Definition
| * Direction of change **amount of change *** Ease with which change is effected |
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Term
| Nominal - Ordinal - Interval - Ratio |
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Definition
| names, characteristics, categories - ranks - can tell how far apart - absolute zero |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| correlates things it is supposed to |
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Term
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Definition
| not confounded with another measure, not correlated with confounding variables |
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Term
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Definition
| scores on measures are correlated with later important measures |
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Term
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Definition
| yes or no, does this measure, measure the construct, determined by other four types of validity |
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Term
| Aristotle's 4 kinds of causes |
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Definition
| *material (the substance from which something results) **formal (the image or idea that gives meaning to the effect) ***efficient (the activating event that is close in space and time to the effect; often the focus of science is on identifying these, behavioral)****final(the objective toward which the effect is focused) |
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Term
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Definition
| *covariation rule (a change in a is accompanied by a change in B). **temporal-precedence rule (a must precede b)***internal validity rule (some mechanism can be posited to explain the causal effect of A on B and alternative explanations are ruled out). |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypothesizing after research is known |
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Term
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Definition
| *normality (bell like with certain proportions of the scores falling within standard deviations) **modality (how many peaks) ***skewness (which way it leans) ****kurtosis (skinny or fat) |
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Term
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Definition
| describes the characteristics of many sampling distributions, the population mean of the sampling distribution is the same as the population of the mean of the scores; the variability of the sampling distribution is less than the variability of the scores; the sampling distribution is approximately normal. |
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Term
| Which error is the biggest error and why? |
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Definition
| A type I error. disproves established theory and research. alters status quo. to deal with this we set the type I error rate at some level. |
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Term
| Factors that influence power |
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Definition
| significance level (alpha); the true difference or relationship between the variables (effect size); sample size (n); population variance; design (and resulting statistical test) used; one or two tails. |
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Term
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Definition
| comparrisons relevant to hypotheses, be able to defend it, increases power, are usually conducted when hypothesis test require only a few groups, conditions, time-points, and/or relationships to be compared, but be done a priori |
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Term
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Definition
| compares all possible combinations of variables |
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Term
| General Linear Model (GLM) |
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Definition
| a general analytic strategy by which sets of variables of any type can be used to predict another set of variables of any type |
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Term
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Definition
| linearity (pairs of variables are assumed to have a linear relationship with each other) -- additivity (the effects of variables in a set are additive in a predictive equation) |
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