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Definition
| withholding judgment about the existence of God |
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| judging that there is NO God |
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| Assuming the very thing that needs to be proven; typically when the premises of an argument presuppose its conclusion |
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Term
Cosmological Argument
(causal change) |
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Definition
One of the traditional arguments for God's existence. According to the argument, God exists because there had to be a first cause, or prime mover, that started the causal change of physical events.
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murder, war, rape, torture, theft, deception, assault etc.
To be contrasted with natural evils. |
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Disease, flood, famine, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes, volcanoes etc.
To be contrasted with moral evils. |
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| The philosophical tradition of using reason to evaluate claims of the divine |
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Ontological argument
(priori reasoning- does not depend on perceptual observation-reasoning) |
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Definition
One of the traditional argument's for the exisitence of God's existence. It relies on the idea that since God is the most perfect being imaginable, and it is more perfect to exist than not exist, to imagine God at all is to concede his existence.
Saint Anselm (1033-1109) |
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Definition
| Blaise Pascal's argument that it it rational to believe God exists because it is only if God exists that you have something to win or lose by believing, and if he does exist you win big by believing and lose big by believing. |
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| The argument that there is no God because worldly suffering is incompatible with the attributes of God. |
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| Religious pluralism argument |
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Definition
| The argument that there is no God nbecause it is inconsistent to believe in one god over any of thousands of others that people have believed in, when the evidence for any of these gods are the same. |
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Telelogical argument
(argument of design) |
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Definition
One of the traditional arguments for the existence of God. According to this argument, God exists because his existence best explains the complexity and order of the universe.
William Paley (1743-1805) Natural Theology(1802) |
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| judging that there is a God |
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omnipotent
omnibevolent
omniscent |
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| being morally perfect/ perfectly good |
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1. Omnibenevolent
2. Omnipotent
3. Omniscient
4. Omnipresent
5. Eternal/Unchanging
6. Immaterial / non-physical / does not exist in space
7. Has certain anthropomorphic qualities |
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Term
| 3 objections to the Cosmological Argument |
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Definition
1. Inconsistency- everything is caused by something prior, first thing uncaused thing
2. Problem of Attributes- God is supposed to be omni-potent, benevolent, scient, first cause has none
3. Alternative Scientific Explanation- Big Bang (13.8 bya) expansion, universe is still expanding |
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Definition
1. universe is still expanding
2. cosmic microwave background is residual left over heat of Big Bang, made of exploded star (all matter, except hydrogen) |
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Arch Bishop of Canteburry
Proslogian-Discourse of Existence of God
God is "a being that which nothing greater can be conceived." |
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| 4 objections to Ontological Argument |
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Definition
1. Fool's reponse-only a fool would believe in existence of God
2. A reverse parody-non-existence is betterand more perfect than existence, so God is exists only in the imagination
3. Existence is not a property-problem with premsie 3, existence isn't a perfection because it isn't a property at all
4. The Fool's Objection- a beingthan which nothing greater can be conceived |
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| Objections of Teleological argument |
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Definition
1. Problem of attributes-attributes of God
2. Problem of uniqueness- 1 intelligent designer or many
3. Alternative Science Explanation- Natural selection by evolution |
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