Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cardiovascular physiology extracts ____ of oxygen from coronary blood flow (CBF) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Myocardial oxygen consumption MVO2 is ___
and increases with demand (contractility and HR) |
|
Definition
dependent of CBF
CBF increases 4-6 fold to meet demand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inadequate oxygen supply
results in pain
-angina pectoris: chest pain
-claudication=pain in periphery
-aching/cramping associated with physical activity, eased by rest |
|
|
Term
| Complications of inadequate oxygen supply |
|
Definition
-decreased SV
-reduced ejection fraction
-reduced cardiac output (increase HR to meet demand)
-decreased perfusion pressure (decreased muscle perfusion)
-infarct when inadequate oxygen supply duration is too long |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coronary atherosclerosis (artery) disease |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral artery disease (PAD) |
|
Definition
6x increase in CAD
5x increase in cerebrovascular events
thinkening and loss of elasticity (progressive insufficiency)
can lead to ischemia and pain |
|
|
Term
CAD:
occurs within endothelium |
|
Definition
endothelium dysfunction
vascular inflammation
accumulation of:
-lips
-macrophages
-blood clotting-elements
-calcium
-connective tissue - fibrous (scar) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chronic
progressive
-formation of atheromatous plaques/lesions
-vascular remodeling
-luminal stenosis
-occlusion of blood flow |
|
|
Term
| Occlusion of blood flow (1) |
|
Definition
1-2 min results in loss of contraction
-transient reduction in flow=ischemia
-prolonged ischemia=myocardial infarction (MI) |
|
|
Term
| Occlusion of blood flow (2) |
|
Definition
Sufficient blockage=MI
-gross necrosis of myocardium:leads to permanent loss of contraction
-blockage: reduction in lumen diameter, length of plaque, effect on blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
increase potential for fissure, rupture (thrombosis and perhaps embolism), swelling, combination
sudden alteration can lead to acute infarct |
|
|
Term
| CAD location of blockage is significant |
|
Definition
-most at curves or branches
->50% blockage of major coronary arteries is clinically significant
-exacerbated by: hemorrhage, ulceration, calcification, thrombosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-elevated LDL
-reduced HDL
-atherogenic diet
-elevated inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Angina pectoris: blood flow is |
|
Definition
adequate at rest, inadequate during exercise
ischemia=pain=angina |
|
|
Term
| symptoms of angina pectoris |
|
Definition
-heavy, squeezing, constricting feeling behind sternum that radiates to shoulders, arms, neck, and/or jaw
-shortness of breath
-nausea
-diaphoresis
-sharp, stabbing pain
-2-10 minutes |
|
|
Term
| Non cardiac causes of angina pectoris |
|
Definition
-esophageal spasm
-acid reflux
-hiatal hernia
-chest wall bone or cartilage inflammation
-muscular pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-associated with specific level of exertion, emotional stress, and/or cold exposure
-result of fixed stenosis
-relieved with rest or sublingual nitroglycerin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-unpredicted onset
-at rest or awakening from sleep, lasting >20 min
-new onset
-increasing severity, frequency, duration, or threshold |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
coronary artery spasm
-typically not associated with high levels of stenosis or atheroma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| severe, very uncomfortable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most severe pain ever experienced |
|
|
Term
| Myocardial Infarction location, types, coronary circulation involvement and location: |
|
Definition
-left ventricle
-2 types
transmural infarction (Q-wave infarct)
subendocardial infarction (non-Q-wave)
-anterior wall, inferior wall |
|
|
Term
| Signs/symptoms of Myocardial Infarction |
|
Definition
-severe, prolonged chest pain/pressure (may radiate to arms, back, or neck)
-sweating
-nausea
-vomiting
-hematological: increased serum CK-MB, troponin I > 0.5ng/mL |
|
|
Term
| Myocardial Infarction Signs and Symptoms on the ECG: |
|
Definition
-transitory
-ST segment elevation
-T wave inversion
-prolonged due to irreversible necrosis
pronounced Q waves |
|
|
Term
| Exercise Response (Myocardial Infarction) |
|
Definition
-reduced cardiorespiratory fitness
-reduced cardiac output
-SA node or AV node disease
-increased ventricular arrhythmias
-ECG: ST segment depression
-angina
-medications may reduce HR and/or BP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heart weakened and enlarged |
|
|
Term
| Restrictive Cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| chambers are unable to fill because of stiffness |
|
|
Term
| hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) |
|
Definition
| heart muscles become thick |
|
|
Term
| Causes of cardiomyopathy: |
|
Definition
-alcoholism and cocaine use
-chemotherapy drugs
-pregnancy
-genetic defects
-amyloidosis
-end-stage kidney disease
-infections due to viruses
-long term, severe high BP
-nutritional deficiencies
-systemic lupas erythematosus |
|
|
Term
| Rhythm Abnormalities: Atrial Fibrillation |
|
Definition
| disorganized atrial activity leads rapid and irregular ventricular depolarizations |
|
|
Term
| Signs and symptoms of Rhythm abnormalities |
|
Definition
-increased risk of thromboembolic events
-ventricular tachycardia
-incomplete ventricular filling - reduced stroke volume
-decreased exercise capacity
-fatigue |
|
|
Term
| Atrial fibrillation is associated with: |
|
Definition
-CHF
-cardiomyopathy
-valvuar disease
-CAD
-hypertension
-hyperthyroidism |
|
|
Term
| Exercise Response in Atrial Fibrillation |
|
Definition
-rapid, irregular ventricular response
-elevated HR
-elevated HR max
-increased HR variability
-reduced tolerance |
|
|
Term
| Atrial Flutter definition |
|
Definition
abnormality of heart rhythm
-resulting in a rapid and sometimes irregular heartbeat
electrical impulses take abnormal path through the atria
-250-350bpm, slower at AV node
heart beats in a regular rapid rhythm
supraventricular
paroxysmal
persistent
rarely life-threatening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-abnormalities/diseases
-diseases elsewhere
-consuming substances after open heart surgery
-no underlying causes may be found |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of atrial flutter |
|
Definition
-none
-palpitations
-fluttering
-shortness of breath
-anxiety
-weakness
-angina pectoris
-feeling faint
-syncope |
|
|
Term
| Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) definition |
|
Definition
>100 (or 120) bpm arising distal to bundle of His
reduced stroke volume
combined with ventricular fibrillation=50% of sudden cardiac death |
|
|
Term
| Causes of Ventricular Tachycardia |
|
Definition
-ischemic heart disease
-nonischemic cardiomyopathies
-ion channel abnormalities
-other conditions in which cardiac function and structure are normal |
|
|
Term
| Types of ventricular tachycardia (VT) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| symptoms of tachycardia (VT) |
|
Definition
syncope
palpitations
dyspnea
sudden death |
|
|
Term
| Ventricular fibrillation (VF) definition |
|
Definition
disorganized rapid ventricular rhythm
collapse or become unconscious
may be precluded by:
-chest pain
-dizziness
-nausea
-rapid heart beat
-shortness of breath |
|
|
Term
| Causes of Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) |
|
Definition
-congenital heart disease
-electrocution or injury
-MI
-cardiomyopathies
-heart surgery
-ischemia
-commotio cordis
-no history of heart disease, but have risk factors |
|
|
Term
| Valvular Heart Disease (VHD) definition |
|
Definition
| leakage due to damage or disease compromises blood flow |
|
|
Term
Leakage due to damage or disease compromises blood flow
-Infection
-Congenital defects
-aging |
|
Definition
-rheumatic fever (of major concern when impacts heart, rheumatic heart disease RHD)
endocarditis
infection typically occurs during dental procedures, surgery, IV drug use, or with severe infections
-genetic abnormalities
intrauterine environment
errors of morphogenesis
infection
chromosomal abnormality |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms and complications are disease dependent (Valvular Heart Disease) |
|
Definition
-valves involved
-valve disorder (stenosis, regurgitation)
-severity (other complications)
-fatigue
-palpitations
-angina
-blood pressure changes
-extreme fatigue
-weakness
-dizziness
-coughing
-shortness of breath
-edema
-rapid weight gain |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of Valvular Heart Disease (VHD) |
|
Definition
physical exam
-heart sounds
-lung sounds
-circulation and the functioning of other organs |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic tests for valvular heart disease |
|
Definition
-echocardiography (transthoracic, transesophageal)
-doppler ultrasound
-cardiac catheterization
-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
|
|
Term
| 3 specific valvular disorders |
|
Definition
-Mitral valve prolapsed (MVP)
-mitral stenosis
-mitral regurgitation
*you can read about others in the text |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Valvular disorders and goals of treatment |
|
Definition
-depends on the type and severity of valve disease
-protect valve from further damage
-symptom reduction
-repair or replace valve |
|
|
Term
| Exercise response to vavular disorders |
|
Definition
effect ranges from no effect to limiting physical activity due to increased risk
-tachycardia and atrial fibrillation
-hypotension due to decreased cardiac output
-angina
-dyspnea
-syncope
-ST segment depression |
|
|
Term
| Chronic (Congestive) Heart Failure (CHF- Myocardial dysfunction) |
|
Definition
inability of heart to adequately deliver blood oxygen to tissues
-decreased ejection fraction (normal=55%, CHF=35% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-narrowed coronary arteries (CAD)
-past MI w/ scar tissue
-high blood pressure
-heart valve disease
-cardiomyopathy
-congenital
-endocarditis and/or myocarditis |
|
|
Term
| CHF principal hemodynamic changes |
|
Definition
-decreased during exercise, progressing to rest as well
-increased L ventricular filling pressure
-compensatory ventricular volume overload
-elevated pulmonary and central venous pressure
-secondary organ alterations
-disturbed muscle metabolism
-impaired vasodilation
-renal insufficiency = Na+ and water retention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
systolic dysfunction
diastolic dysfunction
combined dysfunction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-fatigue, weakness, faintness
-dyspnea
-reduced exercise tolerance
-cough
-edema
-weight gain
-irregular or rapid pulse
-palpitations
-difficulty sleeping
-loss of appetite, indigestion
-additional: decreased alterness or concentration, decreased urine production, nausea and vomiting, need to urinate at night |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-reduced exercise tolerance
-reduced cardiac output resulting in dyspnea
-reduced oxygen delivery to muscles with increased lactate accumulation and long term reduction in mitochondrial volume density and fiber transition to type II
-fatigue
-reduced HR and BP responses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-medications
-limit salt intake
-weight daily
-stay active - dont exercise on days with weight gain
-lose weight if overweight
-get enough rest
-keep feet elevated when resting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-increases risk for stroke, CAD, renal disease, and death
-primary (essential) hypertension
-secondary hypertension |
|
|
Term
| Hypertension Exercise Responses |
|
Definition
-tends to be exaggerated or diminished
-diastolic tends to increase
-decrease post exercise
-chronic aerobic physical activity decreases hypertension
-chronic resistance training decreases hypertension - not as much as aerobic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-limit alcohol intake
-limit salt intake
-increase intake of fiber, fruits, vegetables, and low fat dairy
-stay active
-lose weight if overweight
-medications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Grade 0: asymptomatic
1: intermittent claudication
2: ischemic pain at rest
3: tissue loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
>1: normal
<0.95: significant narrowing
<0.8: pain in lower extremity
<0.4: ischemic pain at rest
<0.25: limb threatening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-increase blood flow
-redistribute blood flow
-reduced blood viscosity
-increased aerobic metabolism
-improved economy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
localized, blood-filled dilation of a blood vessel caused by disease or weakening of vessel wall
-most commonly in circle of Willis and aorta
-as size increases, there is increased risk of rupture
-complicated by CAD/PAD, smoking, hypertension, and other diseases/disorders of circulation |
|
|
Term
| Cardiovascular disease treatment objectives |
|
Definition
-reduce myocardial oxygen demand with medications or exercise
-increase myocardial oxygen supply with medications, surgery, exercise
-combination of objectives |
|
|
Term
| Increasing myocardial oxygen supply |
|
Definition
surgery- revascularization
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) - use vein or artery from elsewhere |
|
|
Term
| CABG Indications, complications, success, relief |
|
Definition
-relieve angina that does not respond to pharmacotherapy
-PTCA contraindicated
-prolong life when major coronary arteries are blocked
-preserve left ventricular function
-MI: 5-12%
-graft occlusion
-1yr:90%
5yr:80%
11yr:60%
5yr:70%
10yr:50% |
|
|
Term
| Surgery- Revascularization |
|
Definition
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
-compress and redistribute plaque
-stretch vessel
adjuncts
-stent placement: durg eluting - sirolimus |
|
|
Term
| Surgery - Revascularization Indications and Complications |
|
Definition
-same as CABG, but less severe
-restenosis: 5-7% w/ drug eluting stent
-bleeding at catheter insertion
-vessel damage at insertion site
-vessel damage at PTCA site
-infarction at insertion
-myocardial infarction
-dysrhythmias. arrhythmias
-angina
-coronary artery rupture |
|
|
Term
| Rhythm modifiers or pacing techniques problem: |
|
Definition
disruptions to normal rhythm, synchronization, and HR can reduce coronary and system blood flow
-typically due to node issues |
|
|
Term
| rhythm modifiers or pacing techniques purpose: |
|
Definition
to re-establish normal sinus rhythm, atrioventricular synchronization, and responsiveness of HR
-improve symptoms, enhance responsiveness to physical activity, and improve quality of life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-pulse generator
-pacing wires (sensing, pacing) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-sick sinus syndrome
-atrioventricular (AV) block
-neurally mediated syncope
-carotid sinus hypersensitivity
-exaggerated response to baroreceptor input |
|
|
Term
| Implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) |
|
Definition
electrically terminate life threatening arrhythmias
components: leads-track cardiac rhythm
cardioverter defibrillator |
|
|
Term
| Acute Transplant Rejection Prevention: Chemotherapeutic drugs |
|
Definition
suppress immune system
-short course: high dose corticosteroids
-triple therapy regimen: more challenging potential for rejection can be used (corticosteroid, calcineurin inhibitor, anti proliferative agent)
-high risk patients: add antibodies against specific components of immune |
|
|
Term
| Transplant Rejecetion Chemotherapeutic Drugs |
|
Definition
Calcineurin inhibitors:
-protein phosqhatase that activates T cells
-ciclosporin
-tacrolimus
mTOR inhibitors
-used form those who cannot tolerate others
-protein: regulates cell growth, proliferation. motility, survival, protein synthesis, transcription
-sirolimus
-everolimus
anti-proliferatives
-azathioprine
-mycophenolic acid
corticosteriods
-prednisolone
-hydrocortisone
antibodies
-monoclonal anti-IL-2Ra receptor antibodies (basiliximab, daclizumab)
-polyclonal anti-t-cell antibodies (anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG)) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
smoking cessation
lipid and lipoprotein modification
reduce clotting
medications
hypertension control
diabetes management
increase physical activity
weight reduction
medical management |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exercise, medications, and PTCA seem to be equally effective |
|
|
Term
| Control of demand and supply |
|
Definition
| dilate, reduce volume, reduce pumping rate |
|
|
Term
| Medications to control demand and supply |
|
Definition
dialate: nitrates, angiotension converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, CA++ channel blockers
reduce volume: diuretics
reduce pumping rate: B blockers
reduce pumping force: Ca++channel blockers, B blockers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduce Ca++ availability by increasing Ca++ uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum |
|
|
Term
| What do ACE inhibitors do? |
|
Definition
| reduce the production of the potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affect the loop of henley to reduce water reabsorption by the kidneys |
|
|
Term
| What do beta blockers do? |
|
Definition
| block the effect of adrenergic stimulation on heart rate and contractility |
|
|
Term
| what do calcium channel blockers do? |
|
Definition
reduce the influx of Ca++ during a cardiac action potential
reduce contractility and increases smooth muscle compliance |
|
|
Term
| FITT for Cardiac Disease Inpatient |
|
Definition
F:2-4/d to 2/d with increased duration
I: to tolerate, RPE 13,HR 120 or resting +20, HR+30 (after surgery)
T:3-5 min, 2:1 ratio, progress to 10-15 min
T:dynamic, rhythmic using large muscles |
|
|
Term
| FITT for Cardiac Disease Outpatient |
|
Definition
F:4-7d/wk
I:to tolerate, RPE 11, 40-80% HRR and oxygen consumption reserve, at HR below ischemic threshold
T: warmup/cool down 5-10 min, 20-60 min, start at comfort level
T:dynamic, upper and lower body, lifestyle physical activity |
|
|
Term
| FITT for cardiac disease outpatient without exercise or pharmocological test |
|
Definition
F:4-7d/wk
I:resting+20, 2-4 mets, RPE 11-14, monitoring ECG, BP and ischemia
T: 5-10, 20-60 min, start at comfort
T: dynamic, upper/lower body, lifestyle |
|
|
Term
| FITT for cardiac outpatient with pharmacological test (no ischemia) |
|
Definition
F: 4-7d/wk
I:70-85% HRmax, 2-4 met, RPE 11-14, monitoring
T: 5-10, 20-60, start at comfort level
T: dynamic, upper/lower, lifestyle |
|
|
Term
| FITT for cardiac disease outpatient with pharmacological test (ishemia elicited) |
|
Definition
F:4-7d/wk
I:10bpm under threshold, 2-4mets, RPE 11-14, monitoring
T: 5-10min, 20-60 min, start at comfort level
T:dynamic, upper/lower, lifestyle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
no symptoms
no more than one of the following risk factors:
>45 men, >55 woman
parental heart attack
tobacco use
hypertension
high cholesterol
diabetes
sedentary
exercise: moderate and vigorous without physician approval |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
two or more risk factors
signs/symptoms of:
cardiopulmonary or metabolic diseases, chest pain, arm pain, S.O.B., dizziness/fainting, ankle swelling, irregular heart beat/murmur
Exercise: moderate w/out physician approval, vigorous requires physician approval |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
known cardiac, pulmonary, and/or metabolic disease
exercise:physician approval required |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
F:moderate 5d/wk, vigorous 3d/wk, or combination of 3-5
I:moderate: 40-60%VO2reserve, vigorous:60 or more % VO2reserve
T: 150min/wk or 30 min/d, 1000kcal/wk, 10000 steps, continuous or accumulated, dose responsive
T:aerobic, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition, neuromuscular (balance, agility) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
206.9-(0.67xage)
Range: low-high |
|
|
Term
| Ways to monitor intensity: |
|
Definition
HRR
VO2reserve
RPE
talk test
affective valence
energy expenditure
%HRmax
%VO2
mets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reduces incidence of cumulative trauma injuries
increases interest/reduces boredom
enhances adherence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
multijoint (compound) movements
major muscle groups (chest, shoulders, upper back, lower back, abdomen, hips, legs)
2-4 sets/muscle group
2-3 min rest between sets
8-12 reps/set
60-80% 1RM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
10 minutes
major muscle tendon groups
passive
active
ballistic-specific
PNF
>4 sets/group
limits of discomfort |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
balance
agility
proprioception
particularly older adults |
|
|
Term
| Recommendation for strength for adults |
|
Definition
2-3d/wk
muscular strength and endurance
resistance exercise
calisthenics
balance
agility exercises |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
goals
abilities
health
experience
equipment
individual differences
maintenance
taper
detraining
retraining |
|
|
Term
| Guidelines for functional capacity |
|
Definition
| >7 mets for all risk levels |
|
|
Term
| Responses to acute exercise during pregnancy compared with prepregnancy |
|
Definition
increased oxygen uptake
increase heart rate
increase stroke volume
increase cardiac output
increase tidal volume
increase minute ventilation
increase ventilatory equivalent for oxygen
no change/decrease in systolic BP
no change/decrease in diastolic BP |
|
|
Term
| Relative contraindications for exercising during pregnancy |
|
Definition
severe anemia
unevaluated maternal cardiac dysrhymthia
chronic bronchitis
poorly controlled type one diabetes mellitus
extreme morbid obesity
extreme underweight
history of sedentary lifestyle
intrauterine growth restriction in current pregnancy
poorly controlled hypertension
orthopaedic limitations
poorly controlled seizure disorder
poorly controlled hyperthyroidism
heavy smoker |
|
|
Term
| absolute contraindications for exercising during pregnancy |
|
Definition
hemodynamically significant heart disease
restrictive lunge disease
incompetent cervix/cerclage
multiple gestation at risk for premature labor
presistent second or third trimester bleeding
placenta previa after 26 weeks of gestation
premature labor during the current pregnancy
rupturee membranes
preeclampsia/pregnancy-induced hypertension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
F: >3d/wk
I: moderate 40-60% oxygen consumption reserve, Heart Rate is less reliable - use RPE or talk test
T: >15 min/d building to 30 min
T: dynamic |
|
|
Term
| Responses to exercise of children compared to adults |
|
Definition
lower absolute oxygen uptake
higher relative oxygen uptake
higher heart rate
lower cardiac output
lower stroke volume
lower systolic BP
lower diastolic BP
higher respiratory rate
lower tidal volume
lower minute ventilation
lower respiratory exchange ratio |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
F: >3d/wk
I:moderate
T: >30min/d moderate, >30 min/d vigorous (60 min/d total)
T: variety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulates immature stem cells to differentiate into muscle and bone cells rather than fat cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unchanged RHR
lower HRmax
lower max cardiac output
higher resting and exercise blood pressure
lower max oxygen uptake reserve
higher residual volumes
lower vital capacities
slower reaction time
lower muscular strength
lower flexibility
lower bone mass
lower fat free body mass
higher percent body fat
lower glucose tolerance
longer recovery time |
|
|
Term
| Older people FITT (Aerobic) |
|
Definition
F and I:>5d/wk moderate (RPE 5-6), >3d/wk vigorous (RPE 7-8)
T:30-60 min
T: variety w/ limited orthopedic stress |
|
|
Term
| Older people FITT (Muscular Strength) |
|
Definition
>2d/wk
mod/vig
5-8
8-10 exercises, 10-15 reps
progressive wt training or wt bearing |
|
|
Term
| Older people FITT (Flexibility) |
|
Definition
>2d/wk
moderate
RPE: 5-6
static |
|
|
Term
| Older people FITT (Balance) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
disorientation, dizziness, irrational behavior, apathy, headache, vomiting, hyperventilation, wet skin
disoriented, unresponsive, above 40degree C |
|
|
Term
| Exertional Heat Exhaustion |
|
Definition
low blood pressure, elevated HR and RR, wet and pale skin, headache, weakness, dizziness, decreased muscle coordination, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
little or no mental change, agitated
37-40 degrees C |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
depressed HR and RR, pale skin, sensation of weakness, tunnel vision, vertigo, nausea, syncope
brief feinting episode
little or no change in core temp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
feeble, localized, wandering spasms that may progress to debilitating cramps
no change in mental status
37-40 degrees C |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
measure from heels to tips of fingers
lower score=better |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cross=+
touch=0
fail to meet=-
measure fingertips |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
forehead or chin stays on ground
measure bottom of stick to floor
greater distance=better score |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
measure bicromial width
reverse, thumb grip out
move in one inch at a time
subtract bicromial distance
smaller#=better score |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hold for 2 seconds
score is farthest part of fingertips
greater distance=better score |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prone
interlock fingers behind neck
measure from floor to bottom of chin
greater distance=better score |
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Term
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Definition
shoulder height
can slightly bend knees, keep vertical
make fist
hold 2 seconds
greater distance = better score |
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Term
| Astrand Rhyming Cycle Ergometer (sub max testing) |
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Definition
single stage test lasting 6 minutes
depending on gender and conditioning status
50rpm
HR between 125-170
RH measured in 5th and 6th minute
average is used to estimate
monogram to estimate VO2
multiply by correlation factor (1 for our age group) |
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Term
| YMCA Cycle (sub max testing) |
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Definition
2-4 three minute stages
raise steady state heart rate between 110 and 70% HRR (or 85% HRmax)for two stages
each work rate performed for 3 minutes
HR taken in the last 30 seconds of stage
if heart rates vary by more than 5 bpm, do the stage for one more minute
HR of last state is measured against work rate
extrapolate the line to fine VO2max |
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Term
| Astrand Rhyming Step Test (sub max testing) |
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Definition
33cm women, 40 cm men
use monogram to determine VO2max |
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Term
| Ebbling Single stage treadmill test (sub max testing) |
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Definition
find THR 50-70% of age predicted
set at comfortable walking (2.0-4.5mph) for 4 min and 0 grade
should reach THR during this stage
after 4 min, keep same speed go up to 5% grade for 4 min
use equation to find VO2max |
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Term
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Definition
<100 is optimal
100-129 is near optimal
130-159 boderline high
160-189 high
>190 very high |
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Term
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Definition
<200 desirable
200-239 borderline high
>240 high |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
<150 normal
150-199 borderline high
200-499 high
>500 very high |
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Term
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Definition
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