Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Exercise Phys
Mid Term
38
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
05/03/2011

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Properties of Skeletal Muscles
Definition
Excitability - responds to stimuli (e.g., nervous
impulses)
• Contractility - able to shorten in length
• Extensibility - stretches when pulled
• Elasticity - tends to return to original shape &
length after contraction or extension
Term
Satellite cells
Definition
Stem cells for muscle. Help rebuild
Term
What would be found in the sarcoplasm?
Definition
large amounts of glycosomes, significant amounts of myoglobin, Ca2+
Term
Thin Filaments
Definition
actin, troponin (I,C &T), tropomyosin,
Term
TNI
Definition
excitory and inhibitory influence (in thin filament)
Term
TNC
Definition
binds Ca2+
Term
TNT
Definition
Binds Troponin to Tropomyosin
Term
Titin-PEVK
Definition
returns to original state
Term
Type 1 Fiber
Definition
Slow Twitch
Slow Oxidative
Term
Muscle Strength
Definition
Max load just once
1RM
Term
Muscular Power
Definition
force*velocity
Term
Muscular Endurance
Definition
Ability to repeatedly lift sub maximal loads, or maintain
a single static contractio
Term
Aerobic Power
Definition
Rate of Energy Release by cellular respiration with O2
-Max capacity for aerobic syn of ATP
Term
Anaerobic Power
Definition
max capacity with no O2 to produce ATP
Term
Periodization
Definition
gradual cycling of specificity, intensity, and
volume of training to achieve peak levels of fitness for competition
important to prevent overtraining and
burnout
Term
(4) Training Needs Analysis
Definition
1. Muscle groups to be trained
2. Type of training
3. Energy systems to be trained
4. Sites of concern for injury preventio
Term
Low-repetition, high-resistance training
Definition
enhances
strength development
Term
High-repetition, low-resistance training
Definition
optimizes
muscular endurance
Term
Eccentric training
Definition
essential to
maximizing hypertroph
Term
Transient hypertrophy
Definition
increase in muscle size
that develops during and immediately following a single
exercise bout
– Fluid accumulation in the interstitial and
intracellular space from the blood plasma
Term
Chronic hypertrophy
Definition
increase muscle size after long-term resistance training
Term
fiber
hyperplasia
Definition
increased number fibers (may not happen in humans)
Term
Fiber Hypertrophy
Definition
• Net increase in muscle protein synthesis—possibly
increasing the number of actin and myosin filaments,
and increasing the number of myofibrils
– More sarcoplasm
– Connective tissue
• Facilitated by postexercise nutrition
• Testosterone plays a role in promoting muscle growth
Term
Greatest hypertrophy
Definition
in type II fiber
Term
Immobilization
Definition
Decreased rate of protein synthesis
• Decreased strength
• Decreased cross-sectional area
• Decreased neuromuscular activity
• Affects both type I and type II fibers, with a greater
effect in type I fibers
• Muscles can recover when activity is resume
Term
Delayed On Set Muscle Soreness (DOMS)
Definition
12-48 hours
Result of Eccentric Contraction
Structural damage
– Impaired calcium homeostasis leading to necrosis
– Accumulation of irritants
– Increased macrophage activity
• May be caused by inflammatory reaction inside
damaged muscle
Term
Armstrong’s Sequence
of Events in DOM
Definition
1. Structural damage to the muscle cell and cell
membrane
2. Impaired calcium availability, leading to necrosis
3. Increased microphage activity and the accumulation of
irritants inside the cell, which stimulate free (pain)
nerve ending
Term
Sodium Ions
Definition
3
Term
Calcium ions
Definition
2
Term
Athletes Diet
Definition
25% fat, 60% carbs, 15% protein
Term
hydrolysis of CHO
Definition
4.1 kcal/g
Term
Glycogen storage
Definition
stored in the sarcoplasm of muscle cells
Liver
Term
How much energy is derived from lipolysis?
Definition
9 kcal/g
Term
Glycogenolysis
Definition
Glycogen broken down
Term
Glycogenesis
Definition
makes glycogen from glucose
Term
Lipolysis
Definition
breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids
Term
↑Epinephrine
Definition
promotes glycogenolysis
Term
↑Cortisol
Definition
promotes catabolism (breakdown)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!