Term
| name this muscle: involuntary, controlled by autonomic nervous system, located in the walls of blood vessels and organs |
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Definition
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Term
| name this muscle: involuntary, controlled by autonomic nervous system, located in the walls of blood vessels and organs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| controlled by the autonomic nervous and endocrine system. located only in the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| vonluntary muscle, controlled consciously by the somatic nervous system. |
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Term
| what are myofibrils composed of |
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Definition
| sarcomere, actin and myosin, and titin |
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Term
| what is sarcolemma and what is it composed of? |
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Definition
| it is the plasma membrane enclosing a muscle fiber. it is composed of T tubules which allows depolarization of cell interior. |
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Term
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Definition
| the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber |
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Term
| what is the purpose of sarcoplasm? |
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Definition
| it stores calcium for muscle contraction |
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Term
| what is myosin and what is it composed of? |
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Definition
| it is the thick filament. it is composed of two protein strands that are folded at the ends into globular strands |
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Term
| what composes the thin filament in a muscle |
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Definition
| actin, tropomyosin, troponin. |
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Term
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Definition
| one motor neuron innervates many muscle fibers. |
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Term
| is an action potential faster in myelinated fibers or unmyelinated fibers |
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Definition
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Term
| explain saltatory conduction |
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Definition
| action potential travels quickly from one node of ranvier to the next |
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Term
| what does a larger diameter in a neuron do to the nerve impulse? |
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Definition
| it makes it travel faster due to less restriction of flow |
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Term
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Definition
| the site of impulse transmission from one neuron to another |
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Term
| what are the types of muscle fibers to be covered on this exam? |
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Definition
| slow twitch (type 1) fast twitch (type IIa and type IIx |
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Term
| what does a muscle generate when it shortens |
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Definition
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Term
| work divided by time equals what |
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Definition
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Term
| force times velocity equals what |
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Definition
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Term
| at what percent of peak force do muscles usually reach peak power |
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Definition
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Term
| what does EMG stand for and what does it do? |
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Definition
| it stands for Electromyography and it is a technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles |
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Term
| how does power differ from force |
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Definition
| power takes into account the velocity of contraction (speed) |
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Term
| define maximal anaerobic power |
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Definition
| the maximal capacity of the anaerobic system to produce ATP |
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Term
| what is the most common test of anaerobic capacity |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some muscle adaptations to exercise |
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Definition
| increased force generating capacity. increased contraction velocity |
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Term
| what are the central neural adaptations to exercise |
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Definition
| increased motor cortex activity when new movement or exercises are learned. changes along descending corticospinal tracts. |
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Term
| what are the adaptations of motor units due to exercise. |
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Definition
| increase in maximal strength and power in agonist muscle. caused from increased recruitment, rate/synchronization of firing. |
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Term
| what is the evidence of neural adaptations |
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Definition
| dynamic strength gains are greater than isometric. changes in muscle recruitment. cross over effect. improved strength with imagined contractions. |
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Term
| what can be attributed to improvements in the first 2-8 weeks of exercise |
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Definition
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Term
| where is anaerobic power represented (what system) |
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Definition
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Term
| what system is aerobic activity represented in |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| how often a training session is done |
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Term
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Definition
| length of training session |
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Term
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Definition
| combination of frequency and duration |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of the difficulty of training |
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Term
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Definition
| combination of volume and intensity |
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Term
| what are the types of anaerobic training |
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Definition
| sprinting, non oxidative glycolitic, lactate threshold, aerobic endurance/tempo |
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Term
| what are the types of resistance training |
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Definition
| isometric resistance, free weights, eccentric, variable resistance, isokinetic, plyometrics, electrical stimulation |
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Term
| what does sprint training increase |
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Definition
| force generation capability, improved excitation contraction coupling |
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Term
| define the principle of interval training |
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Definition
| alternate levels of high and low intensity so as to take advantage of the body's recovery during lower intensity to increase the total work performed during the workout. |
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Term
| what are the variables to change during interval training |
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Definition
| rate of the exercise interval, distance, number of reps, duration of rest or activity, type of activity used during recovery, frequency |
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Term
| what is the margarita step test |
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Definition
| classic power test of lower extremities |
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Term
| what is the equation for the margarita step test |
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Definition
| power equals mass times vertical distance times gravity divided by time |
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Term
| what does ACSA stand for and what is it |
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Definition
| anatomical cross sectional area. it is a cross sectional view of a muscle to measure hypertrophy and hyperplasia |
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Term
| what does PCSA stand for. explain it |
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Definition
| physiological cross sectional area. measure perpendicular to line of pull of muscle fibers. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| is hypertrophy seen more in the upper body or lower body |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| increase in muscle fiber size |
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Term
| an increase in contractile components results in what |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| increase in number of muscle fibers. mostly seen in animals |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in number of muscle fibers. mostly seen in animals |
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Term
| what is transient hypertrophy |
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Definition
| the increase in muscle size that develops during and immediately following a single exercise bout |
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Term
| what is chronic hypertrophy |
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Definition
| the increase in muscle size after long term resistance training resulting mainly from fiber hypertrophy |
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Term
| what happens to tendons with resistance training |
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Definition
| increased stiffness. allows an increase in rapid application of force |
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