Term
| difference between excretion and elimination |
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Definition
| excretion is the removal of metabolic wastes, elimination is removal of undigested material |
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Term
| what metabolic wastes has areobic respiration produced |
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Definition
| removal of water and carbon dioxide |
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Term
| what metabolic wastes has areobic deamination produced |
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Definition
| from the liver, leads to the production of nitrogous wastes like ammonio and urea |
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Term
| how is excretion is done for protozoans and cnidarians |
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Definition
| to maintain pressure/volume each/the cell uses it vacoule to maitain water levels, but molecules leave by simple diffusion |
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Term
| how is excretion is done for annelids |
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Definition
| two pairs of nephrdia in each body segment excrete water down to the opening on the bottom |
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Term
| how is excretion is done for arthropods |
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Definition
| carbon dioxide is released by trachea, after acccumulating in the malphigan tubules nitrgounese wastes leave in solid uric acid crystals |
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Term
| what are the organs used for excretion |
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Definition
| lungs for gas exhaling, sweat glands excrete water and some salts, liver processes nitrogenous wastes, kidney is for osmolarity in the blood and excrete numerous wastes |
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Term
| how is the kidney strucutred |
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Definition
| 3 regions(outer cortex, inner medulla, and innerinner renal pelvis) contains millions of units called nephrons, pelvis leads to ureter, ureter leads to urinary bladder, urinary bladder leads to urethra |
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Term
| how is the nephron structured |
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Definition
| a nephron consists of a bulb called bowman's capsule wich lead to a long coiled tubule which is divided into proximal,loop of henle,distal,and collecting duct |
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Term
| where is the nephron located relative to kidney |
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Definition
| (bowmans capsule is at cortx, loop of henle is at medulla, and collecting duct to renal pelvis |
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Term
| what are the steps of urine formation |
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Definition
| filtration, secretion, reabsorption |
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Term
| what happens at filtration in the nephron |
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Definition
| the capillary Glomerulus forces 20% of blood plasma to surrounding bowman's capsule, allowing only FILTRATE driven by the passive hydrostatic pressure from the blood |
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Term
| what happens at secretion in the nephron |
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Definition
| acids, bases and ions(K,Na,PO3) are secreted acivtly/passively from interstital fluid or capillaires into the filtrate(fliud to become urine) |
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Term
| what happens at reabsorptions in the nephron |
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Definition
| essential nutrients(gluclose,salts,amino acids,water), are ACTIVELY reabsorbed back to the capilaries. Usually occurs at proximal. Leads to hypertonic to blood |
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Term
| how does osmolarity get affect the by the location of the nephron |
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Definition
| more lower more conecntrated urine (hyperosmotic) |
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Term
| what has more urine concentration proximal or distal tubule |
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Definition
| proximal has more urine concentration than distal….the mdeulla is hyperosmolar |
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Term
| what is the urine made up of |
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Definition
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Term
| countercurrent multiplier system |
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Definition
| An active process occurring in the loops of Henle in the kidney, which is responsible for the production of concentrated urine in the collecting ducts of the nephrons. |
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Term
| how does water leave out at the end |
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Definition
| water leaves out of collecting ducts to the capilaries by osmosis with the help of ADH(vasopressin) to absorb more |
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