Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Examination
n/a
32
Medical
Graduate
01/28/2012

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Ataxia
Definition
Inco-ordination
Prominent in cerebellar disease
Prior to testing ensure power and proprioception is normal

TESTING:
Finger nose test
Arm Bounce
Rebound phenomenom
Term
Finger-nose testing
Definition
ask patient to touch nose with eyes open.
look for jerky movements (Dysmetria)
look for intention tremor (tremor occurring on voluntary movement)

Then ask patient to alternately touch his own nose and your finger as fast as he can, this will exaggerate the intention tremor and may demonstrate dysdiadochokinesia.
Term
Dysdiadochokineasia can be tested for by
Definition
Finger nose testing - the patient rapidly touching his own nose, then touching the examiners finger.

Rapid supination and pronation of forearms.

Performing rapid and repeating tapping movements.
Term
Arm bounce
Definition
press downward on patients outstretched arm, then suddenly release it and you will see excessive swinging in diseased patients.
Term
Rebound phenomenon
Definition
Ask patient to flex arm against resistance. sudden release may cause the hand to strike the face due to delay in the triceps contraction.
Term
What Dermatome is at the level of the nipple?
Definition
T5
Term
What Dermatome is at the level of the umbilicus?
Definition
T10
Term
What Dermatome is at the level of the inguinal ligament?
Definition
T12
Term
What roots are responsible for the abdominal reflexes?
Definition
T7-T12 roots.
Stroke abdominal skin and look to see if muscle contraction is absent or impaired.
(reflexes could be absent in obesity, after pregnancy, or after abdominal operations)
Term
Cremasteric reflex
Definition
ROOTS: L1, L2
HOW TO TEST:
Scratch inner thigh. contraction of cremasteric muscle should cause testicular elevation.
Term
Sphinceter Examination
Definition
Examine the abdomen for distended bladder.
note evidence of urinary or fecal incontinence
note tone of anal sphincter during rectal exam
Term
Anal reflex
Definition
ROOTS: S4, S5
HOW TO TEST:
A scratch on the skin beside the anus causes a reflex contraction of the anal sphincter.
Term
Hip Flexion:
Definition
MUSCLE: Illiopsoas
ROOTS: L1, L2, L3
NERVE: Femoral N
HOW TO TEST: Flex hip against resistance.
Term
Hip Extension:
Definition
MUSCLE: Gluteus Maximus
ROOTS: L5, S1, S2
NERVE: Inferior gluteal N
HOW TO TEST: Patient attempts to keep heal on bed against resistance.
Term
Hip Abduction:
Definition
MUSCLES: Gluteus Medius, Gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae
ROOTS: L4, L5, S1
NERVE: Superior Gluteal N
HOW TO TEST: Patient lying on bed tries to abduct the leg against resistance.
Term
Hip Adduction:
Definition
MUSCLE: Adductor mm
ROOTS: L2, L3, L4
NERVE: Obturator N
HOW TO TEST: Patient laying on bed tries to pull knees together against resistance.
Term
Knee Flexion:
Definition
MUSCLE: Hamstrings
ROOTS: L5, S1, S2
NERVE: Sciatic N
HOW TO TEST: Patient pulls heel towards buttocks and tries to maintain this position against resistance.
Term
Knee Extension
Definition
MUSCLE: Quadriceps
ROOTS: L2, L3, L4
NERVE: Femoral N
HOW TO TEST: Patient tries to extend knee against resistance.
Term
Dorsiflexion:
Definition
MUSCLE: Tibialis Anterior
ROOTS: L4, L5
NERVE: Deep Peroneal N
HOW TO TEST: Patient dorsifelexes the ankle against resistance. (may have difficulty walking on their heels)
Term
Plantar flexion:
Definition
MUSCLES: Gastrocnemius, soleus mm
ROOTS: S1, S2
NERVE: Tibial N
HOW TO TEST: Patient plantar flexes ankle against resistance. (May have trouble walking on toes before weakness is detected)
Term
Toe Extension:
Definition
MUSCLES:Extensor Hallucis Longus, Extensor Digitorum longus
ROOTS: L5, S1
NERVE: Deep Peroneal N
HOW TO TEST: Patient dorsiflexes toes against resistance.
Term
Inversion:
Definition
MUSCLE: Tibialis posterior
ROOTS: L4, L5
NERVE: Tibial N
HOW TO TEST: Patient inverts food against resistance.
Term
Eversion:
Definition
MUSCLES: Peroneous Longus, Peroneous Brevis
ROOTS: L5, S1
NERVE: Superficial Peroneal N
HOW TO TEST: Patient everts foot against resistance.
Term
Knee Jerk
Definition
ROOTS: L2, L3, L4
HOW TO TEST: Relax patients leg and tap the patellar tendon with hammer and examine quadriceps contraction. Note any impairment or exaggeration of reflex.
Term
Ankle Jerk
Definition
Hold foot in dorsiflexion and palpate tibialis anterior tendon. (if taut then no reflex will occur)
Tap the achilles tendon and watch for a calf contraction and plantar flexion.
Term
Plantar Response
Definition
Relax big toe, then stroke sole and ball of foot. FLEXION SHOULD occur. If you have EXTENSION due to contraction of extensor hallucis longus (+ve babinski's) then there is an UMN lesion. (usually accompanied by synchronous contraction of knee flexors and tensor fasciae latae)
Term
Chaddock's sign
Definition
stimulate lateral border of foot. If extension of big toe occurs then UMN lesion is present.
Term
Rombergs Test
Definition
Ask patient to stand with heels together with eyes open, then with eyes closed, noting any swaying or loss of balance.

Present with eyes open and closed = Cerebellar Ataxia

Present ONLY WHEN EYES ARE CLOSED = Proprioceptive deficit. (+ve Romberg's)
Term
Examination of "Gait"
Definition
look for length of step and width
abnormal leg movements
instability
associated postural movements

If gait is normal repeat with tandem walking to exaggerate instabilities (Heel to toe)
Term
Sensory inattention
Definition
ability to detect stimuli in both limbs when applied to both limbs simultaneously.
Term
Stereognosis
Definition
Ability to recognize objects when placed in hand.
Term
Graphaesthesia
Definition
The ability to recognize numbers or letters when traced out on the hand.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!