Term
|
Definition
| Deoxyribonucleic acid stores an organism’s heritable genetic information. It is in all cells and makes up the identity of the organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A nucleic acid is a polymer built from monomers called nucleotides. They store information in their sequences of chemical units. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nucleotides are the building blocks of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA. They have three components: a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deoxyribose is what makes DNA itself and not RNA. It is the sugar in DNA and RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| They are made of DNA. DNA is the hereditary material in the organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organic conmounds mde of sugar molecules. They are immediate energy (glucose)and are used to make ATP (other molecules) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organic molecules, insoluble in water. They are said to be hydrophobic or “water-fearing.” They change into fatty acids and glycerol which is used to make more lipids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteins change into amino acids (more protiens)-- they're used to make more protiens. They can be used to make ATP by cellular respiration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized protiens that catalyzes the chemical reactions of the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pigment that gives a chloroplast its green color; uses light energy to split water molecules during photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is teh green color in plants that absorbs the sun. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA and protien wound up together. There are 46 chromosomes in every cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| egg or spern sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes, one from each homologous pair. they are haploid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this means that there is a single set of chromosomes. abreviated as (n). they are produces through meiosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this means that there are two homologous sets of chromosomes. (2n)-humans: 2n=46 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a diploid cell formed when the nucleus of a haploid sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of a haploid egg cell. product of fertilization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the fusion of the nuclei and cytoplasm of a haploid sperm cell (n) and a haploid egg cell (n), forming a diploid zygote (2n). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms with attatched functional groups, found in nucleic acids (thymine, cytosince, adenine, and guanine). the difference in these four things is that the nitrogenous base is different |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (T). single-ringed structure called a pyrimidine. pairs with adenine (it's a nucleotide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (C). pyrimidine (single-ringed structure) that pairs wtih guanine (it's a nucleotide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (A). a double ringed structure called a purine that pairs with thymine (it's a nucleotide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (G). A double ringed structure known as a purine that pairs with cytosine. (it's a nucleotide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is made by a repeating pattern of covalently bonded sugars and phosphates. It is the "outside of the latter" on DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the shape of DNA. Here, backbones are found on the outside and bases are lines up on the inside like a latter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| They hold the nitrogenous bases together in the DNA strand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An ENZYME that makes the covalent bonds between the nucleotides of the new DNA strands . Once the DNA "unzipps", the enzymes bring floating letters from nucleus to match them with their pairs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process bt which a DNA template is read by enzymes and used to produce a single stranded RNA molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The process by which a sequence of nuclic acids in RNA (ribosomes) is used to direct the production of a chain of specific amino acids.
WHen the ribosomes translet the RNA from nucleotides to amino acids by reading codons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A nucleic acid similar to DNA but who has the sugar ribose. It also has uricil not thymine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (U) the base that replaces thymine adn pairs with adenine in transcription. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clusters of protienns and nucleic acids that construct protiens of the cell- change nucleotides to amino acids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sugar in RNA instead of DNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Monomers that make up protiens; containing carboxyl and amino functional groups. They are made in translation when the nucleotides are translated into amino acids by ribosomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A three base sequence that codes for one amino acid. This is how the ribosomes know how to translate the RNA into amino acids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Three of them- UAA, UGAm and UAG. When they are read in translation, the ribosome knows that the amino acid chain is finished. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| AUG- the only one. The codon that the amino acid chain always starts with. |
|
|
