conditions that develop over long periods of time and cause progressive damage

• pain, suffering, and long-term disability
• treatment to cop but not to cure
• learn to change lifestyle and avoid triggers

musculoskeletal diseases

(joint pain, back/neck pain)

• degenerative joint disease
• progressive deterioration of bones and joints that has been associated with the wear and tear of aging
• most common form of arthritis
• becoming an epidemic due to:
• obesity, sedentary lifestyle, injury

• form of chronic inflammation/autoimmune disease
• most crippling form of arthritis
• most common in 25-45 year olds

• pain or discomfort in the lumbosacral region
• 85% of the population will incur a back injury at some time in life
• pain may be mild or severe
• Many factors that can contribute to LBP include
• age
• body type
• posture
• strength/fitness
• depression
• financial stress
• family stress

• more than 600 disorders affect the nervous system
• an estimated 50 million Americans are affected by neurological disorders each year

caused by muscular contraction or tension in the head or neck

• most common. nearly 80% or adults
• women slightly more than men
• caused by trauma, stress, fatigue, depression

produce severe pain behind or around one eye

• usually have to go to ER

painful, disabling, and have recurring symptoms with no known cause or cure

• possibly results from alternating dilation and constriction of blood vessels
• everything is hypersensitive when you have a migraine (light, sound, touch, smells)

• about 25% of cases, a sensory warning sign precedes a migraine
• ex: flashes of light, flickering vision, blind spots, tingling in arms and legs, or a sensation of odor or taste

• eyestrain
• caffeine
• allergies
• hunger
• sinus
• hangover/dehydration

• abnormal electrical activity in the brain
• can lead normal, seizure-free lives when they remain under medical supervision
• alcohol increases chance of seizures

pollen allergy, a chronic allergy-related respiratory disorder that is most prevalent when ragweed and flowers bloom

triggered by milk, eggs, peanuts, other nuts, soy, wheat, fish, and shellfish

• mouth swlling, breathing difficulty, stomach pain, and diarrhea

• body produces antibodies and histamines in response to chemical medication
• most cause minor hives/skin rashes
• common meds:
• penicilling and related antibiotics most common
• sulfa drugs
• anticonvulsants
• insulin 
• iodine

any disorder or disease that impairs lung function

• 4th leading cause of death in US
• Bronchitis, emphysema, asthma

COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder

the chronic lung diseases of

• emphysema and
• chronic bronchitis

80-90% caused by smoking

inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes

(at least 3 months of the year for 2 years)

a respiratory disease in which the alveoli become distended or ruptured and are no longer functional

• decreaed O2/CO2 exchange
• inability to exhale

a chronic respiratory/inflammatory disorder that blocks air flow in and out of the lungs and is characterized by attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing spasms

• 25% of all school absences are due to asthma

• increased mucous production
• spasms of the muscles lining the bronchioles
• inflammation of the lining of the bronchioles

may be triggered by anything except an allergy

• infections
• genetics

a group of disorders in which the intestines become inflamed

• Symptoms: severe, including stomach cramping, bloating pain, and bouts of blood diarrhea
• ages 15-35

a functional bowel disorder rather than an inflammatory process

• ucoordinated peristalsis: food processed or eliminated abnormally
• Symptoms: nausea, pain, gas, or diarrhea caused by certain foods or stress
• NO CURE
• triggers: stress, high fat diet, caffeine, artificial sweeteners

commonly reffered to as "heartburn" or "acid reflux"

• risk factors include: age, diet, alcohol, obesity, pregnancy and smoking
• symptoms usualy begin after a meal and can include: coughing, choking, heartburn, and vomitng
• prevention focuses on avoiding foods that cause attacks

• recognizing symptoms or conditions that occur frequently but may not require a physician
• over-the-counter (OTC) medications and supplements
• nutrition
• monthly breast or testicular exams
• first aid for common, uncomplicated injuries and conditions
• self-education
• meditation/exercise

Fever Limits

(when to go to the doctor)

• do they listen to you, repect you, give time for questions, return phone calls?
• credentials?
• accredited institution?
• complimentary or alternative medical strateges?

You have the right to informed consent 

• You have the right to know if your treatment is standard 

or experimental 

• You have the right to privacy 

• You have the right to receive care 

• You are entitled to access all your medical records 

• You have the right to seek second opinions 

cost procedures to coordinate treatment for group care

• HMO
• PPO
• point of service plans

• categories of established amounts paid to healthcare businness for treatment
• Medicare and Medicaid

system where health insurance plan allows an employee who leaves a company to continue to be covered under the company's health plan.

designed to prevent employees who are between jobs from experiencing a lapse in coverage

conventional western medicine practice; in theory based on scientifically validated methods and procedures

professional nurse with advanced training obtained through either a master's degree program or a specialized nurse practitioner program

• do not need to be supervised
• can write prescriptions

a midlevel practitioner trained to handle most standard cases of care under the supervision of a physician

• can prescribe medications

• mind-body connection for health/healing
• identify that which is causing you the tense reaction within your body
• adjust your perception of the situation giving you the opportunity to shift your reaction
• used in combination with cancer therapy, rheumatology, chronic pain, etc.
• the "new medicine"

medications marketed by chemical names rather than brand names

• dont have to be exactly identical
• must be actively identical (produce same effects)

men: erection problems, shorter orgasms

women: menopause, intercourse can be more painful, softening of breasts

document that stipulates an individual’s wishes 

regarding medical care 

• designed to allow people to make decisions about their care in the event of becoming incapacitated. 

will written in the person's own handwriting and unwitnessed

(not honored in all states)

1. denial
2. anger
3. bargaining
4. depression
5. acceptance

a weather condition occuring when a layer of cool air is trapped under a layer of warmer air

(these areas are at a greater risk for smog)

• measure and released by EPA
• focuses on health effects that can occur within a few hours or days after a person breathes polluted air
• runs from 0-500
• above 100 are considered unhealthy

precipitation that has fallen through acidic air pollutants

• wet deposition- rain, fog, and snow
• dry deposition- dust or smoke

gases that accumulate in the atmosphere, where they contribute to global warming by trapping heat near the earths surface

(CO2, CFCs, nitrous oxide, hydrocarbons, methane)

• international plan to reduce the human-made emission responsible for climate change
• signed by more that 160 countries, including more that 30 industrialized nation
• unsigned by the United States
• would require 33% reduction in emissions

pollutant that enter water ways at a specific location

EX: sewage plants, and industrial facilities

pollutant that enter water ways from broad areas of land by run-off or seepage

EX: soil erosion, sedimentation, construction wastes, pesticides, and fertilizer run off.. etc.