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Exam #3
Personality Disorders
31
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
12/14/2011

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Term
Personality
Definition
Enduring trait behavior that born w/ so it's not easily changed; has to do w/ way perceive world, affected way think & behave - pattern
Term
McCullogh's Criteria for Personality Disorders
Definition
5-7 years of considerable destructive distress, anti-social, no empathy
Term
Personality Disorders Prevalence
Definition
0.5-2.5% US pop; inpatients: 10-30%; outpatients: 2-10%
Term
Gender Issues in Diagnosis (Personality Disorders)
Definition
Apparent in clinical situations, not in general population; more males: Antisocial PD, Paranoid PD & Narcissistic PD; more females: Borderline PD & Histrionic PD
Term
Axis II Clusters Organization Overview
Definition
A) Odd & eccentric behaviors: Paranoid, Schizoid & Schizotypal PDs; B) Dramatic, emotional, erratic: Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic & Narcissistic PDs; C) Anxious, fearful: Avoidant, Dependent & Obsessive-Compulsive PDs
Term
Personality Disorders Diagnosis Issues
Definition
Categorical & dimensional - based on degree patient "matches" disorder prototype & proposed ratings based on dimensional scales which reduces reliability (Skodal & Bender); Comorbidity issues: if have PD in Cluster A may have another in A, Cluster B-->B, Cluster C-->A&B
Term
Temperament
Definition
Aspect of personality concerned w/ emotional dispositions & reactions & their speed & intensity; often refers to prevailing mood or mood pattern of a person - enduring continuum
Term
4 Humors (Balance & Imbalance)
Definition
Hippocrates (4th Century BCE) & Galen (190 CE); Choleric (blood): hot tempered; Sanguine (yellow bile): cheerful & optimistic; Phlegmatic (Phlegm): sluggish & apathetic; Melancholic (black bile): sad
Term
4 Humors Modified (Eysenck)
Definition
Neuroticism (Limbic vs. Cortical control); Extraversion (Low Arousal); Stability (Cortical control vs. Limbic); Introversion (High CNS Arousal)
Term
Big 5 (Variable Centered Proposed Ratings of Personality Disorders)
Definition
Costa & McCray; 1. Oppenness vs. Imperceptive (flexibility); 2. Conscientious vs. Careless; 3. Extraversion vs. Introversion; 4. Agreeableness vs. Selfishness; 5. Neuroticism vs. Stability (changing)
Term
Probable Solution to Diagnosis of Personality Disorders
Definition
Interfacing personality traits w/ clinical prototype disorder categories for diagnosis in DSM-V; risk: diagnostic reliability is threatened by dimensional scaling (McCullough)
Term
Paranoid PD
Definition
Criteria: severe distrust, suspicion of others, reluctant to confide in others, bares grudges, "world is dangerous place"
Term
Schizoid PD
Definition
Criteria: pervasive history of detachment in interpersonal rels, nervous around others, constrictive emotional expression/attachment - little to none, withdrawn & detached, hostile-submissive;
Term
Paranoid PD Etiology & Treatment
Definition
Causes: genetic, psychological, cultural; begin w/ SOH (McCullough)
Term
Schizoid PD Etiology & Treatment
Definition
Causes: genetic, psychological, cultural; task-focused, problem-solving
Term
Schizotypal PD
Definition
Criteria: severe social deficits & withdrawal - cut off from environment, severe cognitive & perceptual distortions, personal eccentricities: ideas of reference to self - everything conspiracy vs. self, odd beliefs/magical thinking - suspicious
Term
Schizotypal PD Etiology & Treatment
Definition
Causes: genetic, psychological (teased & bullied early on), cultural; multimodal - medication, social skills training in community setting, social support
Term
Antisocial PD
Definition
Criteria: social norm non-compliance (law breaking, lying, manipulative, aggressive), violation of rights of others (enduring pattern of disregard for safety of others), lacking conscience & empathy (impulsive, sensation seeking, reckless behavior, irresponsible); +18 years old diagnosed w/ Antisocial PD
Term
"Conduct Disorder" (Antisocial PD)
Definition
Adolescent up to 15 years old diagnosed
Term
Antisocial PD Labels
Definition
Cleckley's list: superficial emotions, grandoise self-worth, need for stimulation - boredom anathema, pathological lying, manipulative, lack of remorse/guilt over hurting others
Term
Antisocial PD Etiology & Treatment
Definition
Causes: genetic (biological & neurological deficit: low IQ, under-arousal, need for thrill & stimulation), psychological (coping w/ stress), cultural (low SES --> increased incidence risk); no successful treatment that seems to last - parent training, prognosis is poor - "burn out" around 40 years old
Term
Borderline PD
Definition
Criteria: history of instability in interpersonal rels - conflict, fear of abandonment, idealizing vs. devaluation - love then hate, mood instability - suicidal behavior, irritability & intense anger, chronic feelings of emptiness, dissociative symptoms, unstable self-image - cutting & mutilation; 80% of malpractice suits
Term
Borderline PD Etiology & Treatment
Definition
Causes: genetic (prevalent in family history & serotonin dysfunction) & psychological (view world as threatening, early trauma sensitizing person to threats); help cope w/ stress leading to suicidal behavior - chain analysis
Term
Histrionic PD
Definition
Criteria: overly dramatic - emotionally exaggerated & attention seeking, vain & sexually seductive - "all that matters is how things look", emotionally immature - naive, views rels as more intimate than they are
Term
Histrionic PD Treatment
Definition
Interpersonal discrimination training/feedback
Term
Narcissistic PD
Definition
Criteria: grandiosity - egocentric "its all about me; I'm the greatest!", need for admiration, lack of empathy
Term
Avoidant PD
Definition
Criteria: extremely sensitive to opinions of others --> interpersonal avoidance & intense fear of rejection; want interpersonal rel, just afraid of it
Term
Avoidant PD Etiology & Treatment
Definition
Causes: Psychological - developmental problems, insulted, parents rejected, not very affectionate, emotionally isolated as child, early conflicts w/ adults; combat anxiety, social & assertive skill training
Term
Dependent PD
Definition
Criteria: excessive need to be taken care of (do not assume responsibility, need nurturing support), difficulty making decisions (lack of self-confidence), fearful of disagreement, fearful of being left alone (helpless when alone)
Term
Dependent PD Etiology & Treatment
Definition
Causes: Psychological (learned submission, compliance, timidity, interpersonal passivity, abuse & neglect); teach how to take care of self & move towards independence (frequently w/o guilt)
Term
Obsessive-Compulsive PD
Definition
Criteria: orderliness, perfectionism, mental control, interpersonal control; rituals must be maintained at all costs - gets in way of interpersonal rels
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