Term
|
Definition
| Thinking-manipulating and transforming info in memory |
|
|
Term
| What do we call psychologists that study it? |
|
Definition
| *Cognitive psychologist/Cognitive Neuropsychologist |
|
|
Term
| What are some samples of the topics studied? |
|
Definition
| All mental activities associated w/ knowing, remembering, deciding, attending, solving, judging and communicating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conservation of resources/energy (short cuts) (often help sometimes gets us into trouble) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Internal, picture like representations (things or events) |
|
|
Term
| Mental Images: how they help us |
|
Definition
| organization-speed, often less cumbersome than verbal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ideas that represent a group of similar objects, events, ideas, or people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*helps w. data-where fit
*formal by definition
*natural by prototype (typical example)
*note important features-use to compare
*speeds sorting into categories
*speeds up/guides problem solving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thinking and behaving in ways to reach a goal, identify goal and steps needed to get there |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aka-mechanical
try different ways until one works |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
step by step procedures that guarantee a solution (can be labor intensive)
ex:every letter every place formula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
speedier but more error prone
educated guess based on passed experiences
ex: what letters likely together, kids tv show |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solution comes suddenly and often novel (vs. strategy based) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ability to combine ideas and behaviors in new ways-think outside the box |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tendency to search for info that supports what we already think and to ignore or distort info that contradicts our belief
ex: political debates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tendency to approach problems from only one way (especially if worked in passed) |
|
|
Term
| Fixation: Functional fixedness |
|
Definition
Tendency to think of things only in terms of usual functions
ex: I can't fix that i don't have a screwdriver |
|
|
Term
| Using and Misusing Heuristics |
|
Definition
| 2 generally helpful shortcuts can lead the smartest into dumb decisions. Amos Tversky & Daniel Kahnmen 1974 studied decision making |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Judging how likely something is by how well it represents
*prototype- can help or hurt
*can lead us to ignore other relevant info like base rates. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The easier it is to think of an example, the more likely we are to think it will happen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| We are often more confident than we are correct. we overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs/judgements |
|
|
Term
| The belief perseverance phenomenon |
|
Definition
| Tendency to cling to initial conceptions even after bias they were formed on has been discredited |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the single, general factor for mental ability assumed to underlie intelligence in some early theories of intelligence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intelligence that reflects information processing capabilities, reasoning and memory |
|
|
Term
| Crystallized intelligence |
|
Definition
| The accumulation of info, skills and strategies that are learned through experience and can be applied in problem solving situations |
|
|
Term
| Theory of multiple intelligences |
|
Definition
| Gardner's intelligence theory that proposes that there are eight distinct spheres of intelligence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to sternberg, intelligence related to overall success in living |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression and regulation of emotions |
|
|
