Term
| Components of Classical Conditioning |
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Definition
Body automatically reacts
UCS, UCR, CS,CR |
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Term
| Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) |
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Definition
| (not learned) stimulus organism biologically reacts to. ex: a loud noise that makes you jump |
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Term
| Unconditioned Response (UCR) |
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Definition
| reflexive response from UCS. Ex: jumping from the loud noise |
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Term
| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) |
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Definition
| neutral stimulus that organism has no response to ex: using name "remy" to new puppy who doesn't know her name |
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Term
| Conditioned Response (CR) |
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Definition
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Term
| requirement of classical conditioning |
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Definition
| 2 stimuli, contiguity (close in time), association |
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Term
| types of training schedules of CC |
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Definition
delayed: CS a little before UCS (most effective)
Forward: CS.....UCS
Simultaneous: CS+UCS
backward: UCS...CS (worst) |
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Term
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Definition
baby albert
UCS: loud noise
CS: rat
developed CR of crying and fear of rat |
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Term
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Definition
UCS: nausea/sickness
CS: that food
develop CR of avoiding that food |
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Term
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Definition
| "operating" learning to repeat behaviors that lead to satisfying outcomes and avoid behaviors that lead to unsatisfactory outcomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| operant is active classical is passive |
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Term
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Definition
| if a consequence is pleasant it is a reinforcer |
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Term
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Definition
Positive reinforcement: something positive is presented that increases response
Slide 16
Negative reinforcement: something aversive is taken away and increases response |
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Term
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Definition
| If a consequence is unpleasant it is punishment. |
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Term
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Definition
Positive Punishment: something aversive is presented
Negative Punishment: something good is removed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Discriminative stimulus: situational cues that suggest what will be reinforced. DOES NOT ELICIT BEHAVIOR!! |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforcing successive approximations of target behavior ex: having a dog sit before laying down |
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Term
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Definition
| biological rxn to some stimuli interfere with learning ex: little dogs don't like to sit bc already small |
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Term
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Definition
| Variable interval reinforcement occurs after varying lengths of time. The behavior is reinforced at random intervals. Volunteer work may fall under this category. Because it is not a paid job, volunteer workers find reinforcement in ways other than money. Words or gestures of appreciation, given at random intervals, are reinforcing. The volunteer is likely to continue his work. |
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Term
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Definition
| specific time, 1 response...scalloped pattern ex:paycheck every 2 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
Fixed ratio: specific # of responses, stairstep pattern
ex:Example: a child receives an ice cream cone after she reads five books. |
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Term
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Definition
| Variable ratio reinforcement occurs after a varying number of behaviors. Reinforcement varies unpredictably, so the person or animal performing the behavior is never certain when they will be reinforced. A common example of variable ratio reinforcement in humans is gambling. A person depositing coins in a slot machine is never sure when he will receive a pay-off. Initially, variable ratio reinforcement may take longer to condition a behavior. But once conditioned, the behavior generally occurs at a higher rate and takes longer to extinguish. |
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Term
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Definition
| winning a game- look for what was unique, wearing purple socks every game |
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Term
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Definition
break the connection and organism quits responding
(In animal training, when a trainer requests a particular behavior and the animal gives no response, this is also considered an undesired behavior.) To eliminate the behavior, they simply do not reinforce it. Over time, the animal learns that a particular behavior is not producing a desired effect. The animal discontinues the behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
puts organism back into situation-starts responding again
ex:A dog responds to the command “lay down.” One day, he stops listening when told to lay down. Days later, he begins to lay down again. |
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Term
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Definition
| organism only responds to original stimulus ex: dog only responds to certain bell, not newer bell |
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Term
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Definition
organism responds to anything similar to the original stimulus
ex:•If a bell is paired with salivation in dogs, after the bell noise has been conditioned the dogs may salivate to sounds similar to a bell. |
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Term
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Definition
| procedural, semantic, autiobiographical |
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Term
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Definition
| information collected from environment |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory registers grabs info and attention brings it to short term memory |
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Term
| information processing model |
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Definition
| rehearsal moves info from STM to LTM, STM encoding to LTM, format: in LTM how info relates to other info |
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Term
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Definition
| information remembered acoustically |
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Term
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Definition
| unlimited capacity unlimited duration |
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