Term
Which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic?
a. ovaries
b. pubic hair
c. scrotum
d. testes |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following parent-child relationships is the most common among anorexic teenagers?
a.overprotective and controlling mothers and emotionally distant fathers
b.permissive mothers and highly competitive fathers
c.permissive mothers and uninvovled fathers
d. divorced parents where the mother is overwhelmbed and the father is largely absent |
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Definition
| A. Overprotective and controlling mothers and emotionally distant fathers |
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Term
Which of the following statements about homosexuality is true?
a.attraction to members of the same sex is not limited to teens who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual
b. most homosexual adolescents are "gender-deviant" in dress and behavior
c. About 85% of adolescents who report having engaged in homosexual acts identify as homosexual
d. Researchers have yet to identify a link between heredity and homosexuality |
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Definition
| A. Attraction to members of the same sex is not limited to teens who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual |
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Term
| Research shows that many adolescents do not use contraception during sexual activity because they______ |
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Definition
| fail to apply their reasoning skills to everyday situations |
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Term
| Which of the following substances do American adolescents experiment with most during high school? |
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Definition
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Term
| Kia, age 14, uses hypothetico-deductive reasoning. Therefore, she probably______ |
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Definition
| makes predictions about variables that might affect an outcome and then deduces logical, testable inferences from that hypothesis |
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Term
| The imaginary audience is adolescents' belief that they are_____ |
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Definition
| the focus of everyone else's attention and concern |
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Term
| Certain that others are observing and thinking about them, teenagers develop an inflated sense of their own importance known as_______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Adolescents whose parents engage in ________ decision making achieve better academically. |
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Definition
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Term
| The dropout rate in the United States is high among _____ than _____ and is particularly high among _______. |
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Definition
| boys;girls;lower- SES ethnic minorities |
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Term
| Most researchers today believe that adolescent development is_____ |
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Definition
| influenced by biological, psychological, and social forces |
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Term
| During puberty, neurons become more responsive to excitatory neurotransmitters. As a result, adolescents_____ |
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Definition
| react more strongly to stressful events and experience pleasurable stimuli more intensely |
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Term
| Initiation ceremonies in industrialzed nations, such as the Jewish bar or bat mitzvah and the quinceanera in Hispanic communities, have less effec on the timing of puberty than initiation ceremonies in tribal and village societies because they ______ |
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Definition
| usually do not make a significant change in social status in larger society |
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Term
| _____ modern substitute for the actual physical departure of young people from the family group that takes place in the industratilized nations. |
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Definition
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Term
| Studies show that ______ makes an important contribution to homosexuality. |
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Definition
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Term
| Adolescents who reach the formal operational stage of cognitive development______ |
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Definition
| no longer require concrete things and events as objects of thought. |
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Term
| The imaginary audience is most likely responsible for adolsecents'______ |
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Definition
| extreme self-consciousness and sensitivity to public criticism. |
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Term
Jonathan views himself as reaching great heights of omnipotence and also sinking to unusal depths of dispair. Which of the following cognitive distortions contribute to Jonathan's views?
a.personal fable
b. learned helplessness
c. the imaginary audience
d. metacognition |
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Definition
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Term
| Research suggests that _____ cause(s) girls to do worse than their abilities allow on difficult math problems. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is most helpful in keeping potential dropouts in school?
a.Remedial instruction in small classes
b.Using standardized testing instead of grades to determine who graduates
c. requiring extracurricular involvement
d. putting students in larger classes |
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Definition
| A. Remedial instruction in small classes |
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Term
| Laurent plans to major in engineering in college. When asked if he might change his career path, he responds, "I might, but I doubt it. I've spent a lot of time studying my options. I'm pretty sure engineering is right for me." Laurent is demonstrating identity_______ |
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Definition
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Term
| When asked about her political beliefs Blair reponds, "Oh, I don't know. It doesn't make much difference to me." Blaire is demonstrating identity_____ |
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Definition
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Term
| At Kohlberg's conventional level, __________ |
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Definition
| Individuals believe that actively maintaining the current social system ensures positive relationships and societal order. |
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Term
| In response to the "Heinz dilemma," Ruby explains, "It doesn't make sense to put respect for property about respect for life itself. Respect for human life is absolute." Ruby is at which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development? |
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Definition
| Stage 6: The Universal ethical principle orientation |
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Term
| Carol Gilligan believes that feminine morality______ |
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Definition
| emphasizes an "ethic of care" that Kohlberg's system devalues |
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Term
| __________is linked to a variety of positive outcomes, such as prevention of delinquency, reduction in sexual activity, improved school performance, and positive psychological well-being? |
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Definition
| consistent parental monitoring of daily activities, through cooperative relationships in which the adolescents willingly discloses information |
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Term
| Teenage boys who are ______ are just as likely as girls to form intimate same-sex ties. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ken, age 14, has trouble concentrating, sleeps excessively, eats little, and has low energy. These might be symptoms of______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Which group of adolescents is at a high risk of suicide? |
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Definition
| Gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths |
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Term
| Both police arrests and self-reports show that delinquency______ |
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Definition
| rises over early and middle adolescence and then declines |
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Term
| Shelby accepts her family's religious beliefs without question. She is characterized by identity _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Both identity ______ and ______ are psychologically healthy routes to mature self-definition. |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Lawrence Kohlberg enphasize in his well-know "Heinz dilemma"? |
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Definition
| Kohlberg emphasized that it is the way an individual reasons about the dilemma, not the content of the response, that determines moral maturity. |
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Term
| Individuals at Kohlberg's _______ level move beyond unquestioning support for their own society's rules and laws. |
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Definition
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Term
| Parents can foster adolescents' moral understanding by_____ |
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Definition
| asking clarifying questions |
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Term
Which of the following children is likely to be psychologically healthier?
a.Maria, a girl who has a strong feminine gender identity
b. Luis, a boy who has a strong masculine gender identity
c. Gabriella, a girl who has an androgynous gender identity
d. Gordon, a boy who has a strong feminine gender identity |
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Definition
| C. Gabriella, a girl who has an androgynous gender identity |
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Term
| Seventeen-year-old Saffron strives to rely on herself and not her parents for decision making. Saffron is developing_______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Throughout adolescence, _______ is the single most consistent predictor of mental health. |
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Definition
| A. The quality of the parent-child relationship |
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Term
| When focusing on deeper thoughts and feelings, adolescent friends Glenda and Anne repeatedly mull over problems and negative emotions, which sometimes triggers anxiety and depression. Glenda and Anne are demonstrating______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common psycholoical problem of adolescence is______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Scientists have found that ______ best explains the complexities of biological aging? |
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Definition
| A combination of theories |
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Term
| According to the relationship among SES, education, and health is this statement true? Economically advantaged individuals sustain between help over most of their adult lives |
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Definition
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Term
| Family and friends can help a dieter by_______ |
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Definition
| offering encouragement and helping foster the dieter's self-esteem and self-efficacy. |
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Term
| The most commonly abused substances in the United States are_____ |
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Definition
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Term
| According to some researchers, cognitive development continues beyond Piaget's formal operational stage to the _______ level. |
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Definition
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Term
| With the birth of Brenda's first child, she felt more fulfilled than ever before. However, she also acknowledged feelings of concern and fear over being able to meet all of her parental responsibilities while maintaining personal happiness and satisfaction. Brenda's thinking reflects_____ |
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Definition
| cognitive-affective complexity |
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Term
| Xavier believes everything his college professor says becauseshe is in a respected positon. Xavier accepts what the professor says because he believes that the knowldge is certain and the professor has the knowledge. Xavier is engaged in________ |
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Definition
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Term
| What asked about her future vocational choice, 14-year-old Grace says, "I'm good at math and I like solving problems. But I like helping people. So maybe teaching math or working as an engineer would be good." Grace is in the ______ period of vocational development. |
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Definition
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Term
| Max enjoys working with ideas; Madison is emotional and has a high need for individual expression. According to Holland's six personality types, Max is ______ and Madison is_______. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following women is most likely the thrive in a nontraditional career?
a.Raelynne, whose three aunts have successfully dealt with family-career role conflict
b. Renae, who has infrequent interaction with other female professionals in her field
c. Rhiannon, whose husband wants her to stay at home to tend to their young children
d. Rita, who works exclusively with male managers |
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Definition
| A. Raelynne, whose three aunts have successfully dealt with family-role conflict |
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Term
| Animal species with ______ life expectancies tend to display ______ free-radical damage to DNA. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nadine, an average-weight adult, gained a small amount of weight between the ages of 25 and 50. Nadine should_______ |
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Definition
| this is a normal part of aging, resulting from a drop in basal metabolic rate |
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Term
| _______ is the single most important preventable cause of death in industrialized nations. |
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Definition
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Term
| After meeting through friends, the most common way to meet a partner is________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The overrall rate of STDs is higher among women than men because__________ |
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Definition
| it is at least twice as easy for a man to infect a woman with any STD than for a woman to infec a man |
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Term
| The majority of rape victims are ______, and the abusers are _____. |
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Definition
| under age 30; men they know well |
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Term
| A strong cardiovascular response, interference with immune system functioning, and reduced digestive actively are all symptoms of________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Creative individuals are ________ |
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Definition
| willing to try again after failure |
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Term
Which of the following statements about the psychological impact of attending college is true?
a. The type of four-year institution attended makes little difference in psycholoical outcomes or even in ultimate career success and earnings
b. Cognitive growth is greater at a four-year institution than at a two-year community college
c. The best psycological outcomes, the greatest career successes, and the highest earnings are found in individuals who attended highly selective, private universities
d. Research shows that there are only limited psychological changes that occur in college students from the freshman to the senior year |
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Definition
| A. The type of four-year institution attended makes little difference in psychological outcomes or even in ultimate career success and earnings |
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Term
| Alan likes well-structured tasks and values material possessions. Alecia prefers working with people. According to Holland's six personality types, Alan is _______ and Alexcia is ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The life pursuits and subjective judgements of many contemporary young people have spawned the _____ transitional period, extending from the late teens to the mid-to late twenties. |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Erikson, the psychological conflict of early adulthood is______ |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Levinson, wide individual differences exist in the weights of central and peripheral components of a person's_____ |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love,______ |
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Definition
| intimacy, passion, and commitment shift in emphasis as romantic relationship develop |
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Term
Which of the following statements about perceptions of intimate relationships in Eastern cultures is true?
a.trying to satisfy dependency needs through an intimate bond is regarded as immature
b. mature intimate relationships are based on autonomy and intense emotion
c. young people today do not consider love to be a prerequisite for marriage
d. in choosing a mate, young people are expected to consider obligations to others |
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Definition
| D. In choosing a mate, young people are expected to consider obligations to others |
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Term
Which of the followig couples will face extra challanges in achieving a successful transition to married life?
A. Ken, an African-American Baptist, and Eileen, an Asian-American Mormon, who married at age 21
B. Rolf and Louisa, both German Protestants, who married at age 25
C. Hector and Irma, both Mexican-American Catholics, who married at age 30
D. Jeff and Val, both collage graduates, who married at age 28 |
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Definition
| A. Ken, an African-American Baptist, and Eileen, an Asian-American Mormon, who married at age 21 |
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Term
Which of the following women is more likely to delay parenthood or decide against it altogether?
A.Molly, who has a traditional gender-role orientation
B. Renee, who has a high-status, demanding job
C. Ann, who works at a low-level, undemanding job
D. Amanda, who is unemployed |
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Definition
| B. Renee, who has a high-status, demanding job |
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Term
| Bernice and Leo never had children. They married in their thirties, and their efforts at fertility treatments did not succeed. Bernice and Leo are_______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Most divorces occur ______ marriage. |
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Definition
| within the first seven years of |
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Term
| US government surverys following 9,000 US college educated workers for a decade revealed that a year after receiving their bachelor's degree, women earned ______ as much as men. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements accurately explains the recent appearance of the emerging adulthood transitional period? |
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Definition
| Entry-level positions in many fields require more education than in the past |
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Term
According to Levinson, which of the following statements about gender differences in dreams is true?
A.Men's dreams tend to define the self in terms of relationships
B.Most career-oriented women have "split dreams" invovling both marriae and career
C. Women's dreams are usually more individualistic than men's dreams
D. Most career-oriented men have "split dreams" invovling both marriage and career |
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Definition
| B. Most career-oriented women have "split dreams" invovling both marriage and career |
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Term
| Following a social clock of some kind seems to foster _______ |
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Definition
| confidence and social stability |
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Term
| In the transformation of romantic invovlements from passionate to companionate, _______ may be the aspect of love that determines whether a relationship survives. |
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Definition
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Term
| Adult friends are usually______ |
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Definition
| Similar to each other in age, sex, and SES |
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Term
Which of the following statements about the family life cycle is true?
a. The family life cycle represents a fixed progression of stages
b. the family life cycle is only applicable to families in industrialized nations
c. few variations exist in the sequence and timing of its phases
d. some people do not experience all life-cycle phases |
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Definition
| D. Some people do not experience all family life-cycle phases |
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Term
| Cliff and Claire are married and have four children. Cliff works as a doctor, and Claire works as a lawyer. They both try to balance the time and energy they devote to their occupations, their children, and their relationships. They have a _____ marriage. |
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Definition
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Term
| Parents who ______ are more likely to gain in marital interaction, feel competent as parents, use effective child-rearing practices, and have children who are developing well. |
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Definition
| engage in effective coparenting |
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Term
| The majority of women with childre are ________ |
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Definition
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