Term
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Definition
| Involves forming a memory code |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintaining encoded info in memory over time |
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Term
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Definition
| Recovering info from memory stores |
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Term
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Definition
| Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events |
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Term
| Levels-of-Processing Theory |
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Definition
| Proposes that deeper levels of processing result in longer-lasting memory codes |
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Term
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Definition
| Linking a stimulus to other info at the time of encoding |
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Term
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Definition
| The creation of visual images to represent the words to be remembered-can also be used to enrich encoding |
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Term
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Definition
| Holds that memory is enhanced by forming both semantic and visual codes, since either can lead to recall |
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Term
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Definition
| Preserves info in its original sensory form for a brief time, usually only a fraction of a second |
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Term
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Definition
| limited-capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed info for up to about 20 sec. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of repetitively verbalizing or thinking about info |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of familiar stimuli stored as a single unit |
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Term
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Definition
| an unlimited capacity store that can hold info over lengthy periods of time |
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Term
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Definition
| unusually, vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events |
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Term
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Definition
| An organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or event abstracted from previous experience with the object or event |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of nodes representing concepts, joined together by pathways that link related concepts |
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Term
| Conectionist/ Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) |
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Definition
| assume that cognitive processes depend on patterns of activation in highly interconnected computational networks that resemble neural networks |
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Term
| Tip-of-the-tongue Phenomenon |
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Definition
| the temporary inability to remember something you know, accompanied by a feeling that it's just out of reach |
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Term
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Definition
| When participant's recall of an event they witnessed is altered by introducing misleading postevent info. |
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Term
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Definition
| When participant's recall of an event they witnessed is altered by introducing misleading postevent info. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of making inferences about the origins of memories |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when a memory derived from one source is misattributed to another source |
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Term
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Definition
| consonant-vowel-consonant arrangements that don't correspond to words |
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Term
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Definition
| graphs retention and forgetting over time |
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Term
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Definition
| The proportion of material retained |
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Term
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Definition
| requires participants to reproduce info on their own without any cues |
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Term
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Definition
| requires participants to select previously learned info from an array of options |
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Term
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Definition
| requires a participant to memorize info a 2nd time to determine how much time or effort is saved by having learned it before |
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Term
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Definition
| proposes that forgetting occurs because memory traces fade with time |
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Term
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Definition
| proposes that people forget info because of competition from other material |
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Term
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Definition
| when new info impairs the retention of previously learned info |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when previously learned info interferes with the retention of new info |
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Term
| Encoding Specificity Principle |
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Definition
| states that the value of a retrival cue depends on how well it corresponds to the memory code |
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Term
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Definition
| keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious |
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Term
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Definition
| a person loses memories for events that occurred prior to the injury |
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Term
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Definition
| A person loses memories for events that occur after the injury |
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Term
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Definition
| a hypothetical process involving the gradual conversion of info into durable memory codes stored in long-term memory |
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Term
| Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) |
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Definition
| A long-lasting increase in neural excitability at synapses along a specific neural pathway |
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Term
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Definition
| the formation of new neurons |
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Term
| Declaritive Memory System |
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Definition
handles factual info
ie. words, definitions, names, dates, faces, events, concepts, and ideas |
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Term
| Nondeclaritive Memory System |
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Definition
| houses memory for actions, skills, conditioned responses, and emotional memories |
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Term
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Definition
| made up of chronological, or temporarily dated, recollections of personal experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| contains general knowledge that's not tied to the time when the info was learned |
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Term
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Definition
| involves remembering to perform actions in the future |
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Term
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Definition
| involves remembering events from the past or previously learned info |
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Term
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Definition
| continued rehearsal of material after you first appear to have mastered it |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when subjects show better recall for items at the beginning and end of a list than for items in the middle |
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Term
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Definition
| taking an imaginary walk along a familiar path where images of items to be remembered are associated with certain locations |
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