Term
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Definition
| nervous disorder characterized by a state of excessive apprehension & uneasiness; associated w/ brain circuits involving neurotransmitter systems: low GABA, nonepineprine activation, high serotonin |
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Term
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Definition
| feeling of anxiety or apprehension on behalf of object motivated mood reaction - specific phobia; Autonomic NS affected, fight/flight reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| false alarm reaction - sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety, often causing wildly unthinking behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| cued by specific situation or phobia - may have social phobia |
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Term
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Definition
| "uncued" - occurs more than once, might lead to phobia development |
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Term
| Situational Predisposed Panic |
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Definition
| inconsistent, high probability in certain situational arenas |
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Term
| Biological Contributions (Anxiety Disorders) |
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Definition
| Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF): gene action --> cortisol secretion; Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS): activated by cues indicating potential pain, nonreinforcement, and punishment - produces fear, inhibition of behavior, as well as escape and avoidance behaviors; Fight or Flight |
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Term
| Psychological Contributions (Anxiety Disorders) |
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Definition
| childhood learning & perception of control; coping learning to manage stress |
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Term
| Environment-Social Contributions (Anxiety Disorders) |
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Definition
| stressful life events "trigger" all psych & behavioral vulnerabilities leading to anxiety - most events social/interpersonal or trauma events |
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Term
| Biopsychosocial Model Approach (Anxiety Disorders) |
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Definition
| Triple Vulnerability Theory: general psych vulnerability - world dangerous, no control, no coping strategies; specific psych vulnerability - learn to fear certain things, scare kids to keep safe |
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Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Diagnostic Criteria |
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Definition
| excessive anxiety & worry for 6 months; 3 of 6 symptoms: restlessness, easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance |
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Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Onset & Prevalence |
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Definition
| medium age: 31 years old, not likely to be disorder of childhood; most prevalent disorder in US, 2/3 diagnosed are women |
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Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Treatment |
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Definition
| shift attentional focus to focus on real world problem targets, focused anxiety & teach problem solving; easy to detect, good prognosis, use Paxil, Tofranil/Imipramine, Venlafaxine/Effexor |
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Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) vs Panic Disorders |
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Definition
| panic: Autonomic NS involved, fight/flight, can think with imagery; GAD: think but bypass Autonomic NS because no images of thoughts provoked - goes straight to muscle tension |
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Term
| Panic Disorder w/ Agoraphobia |
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Definition
| alters lifestyle, fear situation where panic occurred - avoid certain social situations & where travel is restricted |
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Term
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Definition
| anxiety about being in situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing or in which help may not be available in event of having Panic Attack; being outside home alone, being in crowd, standing in line, being on bridge, traveling in bus, train, or car |
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Term
| Panic Disorder w/o Agoraphobia |
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Definition
| alters lifestyle & patterns of living |
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Term
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Definition
| mini child night terrors - 2-4 years old |
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Term
| Panic Disorder Prevalence |
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Definition
| most attacks occur between 1:30-3:30am, may not recognize symptoms; 2.7% diagnosed in year, 4.7% in lifetime; 8-12% have no Panic Disorder |
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Term
| Panic Disorder Diagnostic Criteria |
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Definition
| discrete period of intense fear or discomfort; 4 or more of 13 symptoms: accelerated heart rate, sweating, trembling, sensations of shortness of breath, feeling of choking, chest pain or discomfort, nausea or ab distress, feeling dizzy or lightheaded, feelings of unreality or being detached from self, fear of losing control or going crazy, fear of dying, paresthesias, chills or hot flashes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| relaxation training, teach basics about physiology of anxiety reaction & Autonomic NS, anti-depressants - Prozac, SOH remodeling |
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Term
| Specific Phobia Diagnostic Criteria |
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Definition
| persistent excessive or unreasonable fear cued by presence or anticipation of specific object or situation; avoid feared object/situation |
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Term
| Specific Phobia Prevalence |
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Definition
| biological vulnerability, 8.7% in year, 12.5% in lifetime |
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Term
| Specific Phobia Treatment |
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Definition
| exposure therapy - tolerate anxiety discomfort, don't avoid, keep exposing until no longer feel anxiety |
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Term
| Social Phobia Diagnostic Criteria |
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Definition
| persistent irrational fear of 1 or more social or performance situations, excessive shyness/introversion, trait Neuroticism: poor cortical control or Limbic System reactivity, difficulty in social situations - exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others: stage fright, public speaking |
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Term
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Definition
| 6.8% in year, 12.1% in lifetime |
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Term
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Definition
| group therapy - social role practice |
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Term
| Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Diagnostic Criteria |
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Definition
| person has been exposed to traumatic event in which experienced, witnessed, or was confronted w/ event that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury or threat to physical integrity of self or others & person's response involved intense fear, helplessness or horror |
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Term
| Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Event Reexperienced Criteria |
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Definition
| 1 or more ways longer than a month: recollections of event including images, thoughts or perceptions; distressing dreams of event; acting or feeling as if event reoccurring: sense of reliving experience, illusions, hallucinations, flashbacks; intense psych distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize aspect of event; physiological reactivity |
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Term
| Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Persistent Avoidance of Stimuli |
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Definition
| associated w/ trauma & numbing of general responsiveness in 3 or more ways longer than a month: efforts to avoid thoughts, feelings or conversations related to trauma; efforts to avoid activities, paces, or people that arouse recollections; inability to recall important aspect of trauma; diminished interest or participation in significant activities; feelings of detachment; restricted range of affect; sense of foreshortened future |
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Term
| Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Persistent Symptoms of Increased Arousal |
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Definition
| 2 or more ways longer than a month: difficulty falling or staying asleep; irritability or outbursts of anger; difficulty concentrating; hyper-vigilance; exaggerated startle response |
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Term
| Acute Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
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Definition
| onset < 3-6 months after traumatic event |
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Term
| Chronic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
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Definition
| onset > 6 months after traumatic event |
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Term
| Delayed Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
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Definition
| onset > or equal to 6 months after traumatic event |
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Term
| Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Prevalence |
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Definition
| < 10% diagnosed in lifetime; greater the trauma, more likely is to develop PTSD |
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Term
| Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Treatment |
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Definition
| group safety training & problem solving and coping training w/ people who have experienced same thing |
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Term
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Diagnostic Criteria |
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Definition
| excessive & unreasonable thoughts & actions that cause distress, are time consuming - take longer than 1 hour a day, or significantly interfere w/ person's normal routine, occupational functioning or usual social activities or relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| recurrent & persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced as intrusive & inappropriate & that cause anxiety or distress - not simply excessive worries about real-life problems |
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Term
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Definition
| repetitive behaviors or mental acts that person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly; behaviors or mental acts aimed at preventing or reducing distress or preventing some dreaded event or situation - not connected in a realistic way w/ what are designed to neutralize or prevent or are clearly excessive |
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Term
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Prevalence |
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Definition
| 1% diagnosed in year; 60% of females; diagnosed in adolescence equal between males & females |
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Term
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Treatment |
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Definition
| response prevention & exposure therapy, inhibit reuptake of serotonin |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to think about something w/o having compulsion to do it - thought=deed, if have thought it, you must do it |
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Term
| Major Goals of Treatment of Anxiety Disorders |
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Definition
| learn to cognitively & emotionally focus on feared stimulus (left & right brain activation); learn to tolerate greater degrees of discomfort; don't avoid fear stimulus (counter-condition avoidance behavior w/ approach behavior) |
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Term
| Normal Model of Cognitive Emotional Functioning |
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Definition
| Person & Environment in constant interaction - cognitive connection w/ situation & physiological reactivity; situation-directed behavior interacts w/ physiological reactivity |
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Term
| Pre-operational Disconnection w/ Environment Where Emotional Change is Precluded |
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Definition
| person disconnected w/ environment, other people & situation - not affected by others, only respond to self; non-situational directed behavior interacts w/ physiological reactivity |
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Term
| Barlow: Anxious Apprehension |
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Definition
| stimulus cue --> person has sense of uncontrollability & danger --> cognitive-emotional anxiety feedback loop in which begin negative coping (behavioral avoidance of cue & worry) & anxiety disorders are formed |
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