Sparta-

 Lycurgus

Spartan Political Structure 

• 2 kings
• 5 euphors - 4 yr term limit; can arrest execute king; 2 always accompany a king; dem. element
• council of elders- gerousia; oligarchy element; vacancy by death; highest honor a Spartan could have
• assembly- dem. element; max 9000 ppl; the "equals";  

Sparta before Lycurgus

absolute monarchy; he takes away kings domestic powers- but are in charge of army 

Criteria of Citizenship 

• have to have a Spartan mom & dad;

• be inspected @ birth; no mental or physical deformity
• agoge- military training & socialization forboys
• allotted land @ birth after inspection at birth
• admission into adulthood into a mess(pheiditia) club - they did everthing together
• simple diet - barley bread, water, broth

Notable features of Spartans 

• no money
• no class distinction
• xenelasia - did not welcome foreigners
• honor for dead had o be earne- men die in battle, & women die when giving birth to a child
• gods- artemis, athena, apollo

Spartan national characteristic 

• laconism- speaking in a few words & simple life
• slow to act- dont go on campaigns b/c helots revolted
• distrutful of foreigners

Spartan Women's main role, education, & public role 

•  main role: to produce spartan kids
• liberation- can go outin public & can get an education
• public role- attend things, allowed toown lan

perioecoi 

means neighbors

-formed military alliences w/ mst peloponnesian states by 550 bc

-supreme land power

What made spartan society work? 

• total suppression of the individual
• suppresion of helots- they have fear of helots
• complete respec for & submission to nomos-trained to respect them
• see who can be the best in obedience 

Thermopylae 

• the battle where spartans held back the persian army- everyman held their ground to their death
• spartans proud of losing battle
• while other greeks retreated they stood their ground 

                                Hecataus of Miletus 

•  1st to write in prose
• showed skepticism-was critical
• spoke from "I" perspective; herodotus didnt use "I", used his name
• wrote about greek stories not history, like herodotus
• distinguishes myth from historical fact

• were called atthidographers
• wrote history of own towns

• wrote in prose
• didnt speak from "i" perspective: "Herodotus of Halicarnassus"
•  gives immortality to the events
• thinks outside of greece(persians)
• interested in cause of persian wars

• historie-research, investigation
• linear organization
  
• digresses
• analytical writer
• writes everything down, then chooses one version toside with.
• left somethings out b/c he didnt know persian lang,or didnt really visit it
• used homer & Hecataeus as primary & 2ndary sources
• wrote many implausible things

• nemesis- retribution
• hybris- pride/ arrogance -will be punished by gods
• feelings about Eastern tyrans- believe that the are above laws of nature
• didacticism-