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| The function of ______ in plants and animals is to provide energy and structure. |
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| Through the process of _____, we ask questions and gain new knowledge about the natural world. |
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| Most generally, anything that occupies space is considered to be _____, which exists as a liquid, solid, or gas. |
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| of the following, which is not a kind of protien in the human body? |
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| the nucleotide id the monomer unit of ____. |
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| Plants store glucose as ___. |
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| Basic chemistry is useful in the study of biology because living organisms are made up of _____. |
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| the difference between natural and artificial selection is that with natural selection, traits are selected by____ and in as traits are selected by___ |
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| taxonomically, Homo Sapiens is the ____ level of classification within the Eukarya____ |
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Definition
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| smallest to largest scales of human body |
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| atoms and molecules,organelles,cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organism |
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| tentative answer to a question |
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| ______ are chemicals that resist a change in pH and therefore help to maintain a stable pH in the body's fluids. |
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| the scientific theory of ____ explains how all of life is alike but diverse. |
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| hydrochloric acid forms by ____ bond between H+ and Cl- |
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| biology is the scientific study of |
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| three of the four classes of biological molecules are _____ made up of many ___ linked together. |
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| a neutral atom is one that has an equal number of postively charged____ and negatively charged ___. |
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| an important element in the body, ____ tends to lose its lone electron to become just a proton. |
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| gastric juice of the stomach is highly acidic, which means that it has _____ |
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| your body stores ____ as glycogen mostly in your muscle and liver cells |
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| a water molecule forms as a result of ____ bonding, and adjacent water molecules are joined by ____ bonds. |
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Definition
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| human body cells are approximatley ____ water. |
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| ____ forms up to four covelent bonds with other elements to make organic compounds. |
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| lipids are very divers class of molecules, but are unified in that all are hydro____ or water hating |
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Definition
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| fats are also called triglycerides because of their chemical structure, which is a ____. |
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Definition
| glycerol bonded to three fatty acids |
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| charles darwin asserted in his book that, |
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Definition
| descent with modification occured by natural selection |
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| all living organisms are alike in that all have _____. |
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| the chemistry of the body depends on recognition and binding between molecules, which depends largely on the _____ of molecules. |
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| the sequence of ___ makes up the ____ structure of a protein. |
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| water is a ____ molecule, which means that electrical charge is unevenly distributed across the molecule. |
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| how an atom interacts with other atoms directly depends on the |
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Definition
| number of electrons in the atoms outer shell. |
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| what elements make up 96% of the human body? |
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Definition
| hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, oxygen |
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| cholesterol is a ___, which is modified to make sex hormones |
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Definition
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| because of its chemical structure, water can store or release a lot of ____ without changing much in temp |
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Definition
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| the part of a mucleotide that gives it a unique identity is the |
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Definition
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| All together, the endomembrane system functions to |
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Definition
| manufacture and distribute cellular products |
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| If a membrane is permeable to water but not to solutes, water will move to equalize the concentration of solutes on either side of the membrane, a process known as _____ |
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| of the nutrients listed below, which should you minimize if you are striving for a healthy balanced diet? |
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| Cells of the liver maake enzymes that are going to be used elsewhere in the body. These enzymes are synthesized______ |
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Definition
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| A chemical that keeps and enzyme from doing its job is called an enzyme ______ |
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| Gastric ulcers of the stomach result from _____ |
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Definition
| bacteria damaging the mucus secreted by the stomach |
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| the eukaryotic cell is filled with _____, an aqueous fluid with dissolved solutes that supports the activities of the cell's organelles |
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Definition
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| Substances move between the ER and the Golgi apparatus via ______. |
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Definition
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| Microtubules and filaments make up the ____, which provides support to, reinforcement for, and infrastructure in the eukaryotic cell. |
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Definition
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| ATP is a form of _____ energy that is converted to ____ energy when used to do work |
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Definition
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| During the conversion of energy, a percentage of orginal energy is converted to ______, a form of kinetic energy that is "lost" |
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Definition
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| the primary organs of the urinary system are the _____, which are made up of_____ that function to filter, reabsorb, and secrete water and wastes from the blood. |
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Definition
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| _____ rate id how much energy the body uses per an amount of time to support all the chemicals reactions occuring in the body |
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Definition
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| of the following, which would be best for examining the cilia of a cell lining the respiratory system? |
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Definition
| scanning electron microscope |
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Term
| Molecules and ions that cannot move freely across the plasma membrane may cross via one of the many _____ that are embedded in the membrane |
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Definition
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| Once in the digestive system, carbohydrates are subject to chemical digestion with the help of which one of the following enzymes? |
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Definition
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| in a hypotinic solution, an animal cell will _____. |
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Definition
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| which of the following is a physiological responce that takes place in the human body when body temperature begins to rise? |
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Definition
| blood vessels of the skin dilate |
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Term
| vitamins, minerals and omega fatty are_____ |
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Definition
| essential nutrients that must be aquired in preassembled form from your food |
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| large molecules from the digestion of food enter the cell by the way of a ____, which then fuses with a ____ to complete digestion. |
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Definition
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| of the following choices, which one includes "striated" muscle tissues? |
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Definition
| skeletal and cardiac muscle |
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Term
| in the eukaryotic cell, ATP is made in the ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| the region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the ____ site |
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Definition
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| ______ theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells and that new cells arise from previously exisiting cells |
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Definition
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Term
| the lining of the small intestine has surface projections called _____, which serve to increase surface area. |
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Definition
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| The ____ hosts a population of mostly harmless bacteria that function to make some kinds of vitamins for the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 major categories of tissues in the human body |
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Definition
| connective epithelial muscle nervous |
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Term
| a _____ is made up of an integrated group of similar cells that together perform a specific function. |
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Definition
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| Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme; the enzyme will be secreted into the stomach by the process of _____. |
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Definition
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| In the urinary system, the process by which valuable materials are reclaimed from filtrate and returned to the blood is ______. |
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Definition
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| ________- soluble vitamins accumulate in the body and can be toxic if taken in excessive doses. |
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Definition
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| Mechanical digestion is important because it _____. |
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Definition
| breaks down large bites of food into smaller bites for easier swallowing and creates more surface area to facilitate chemical digestion |
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| accessory organs of the digestive system function to _____. |
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Definition
| faciliate digestion by secreting enzymes and other chemicals |
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Term
| Carbon dioxide and oxygen are hydro____ molecules that freely pass through the plasma membrane |
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Definition
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| In the multicellular organisms, tissues are extensively brached and organs are often folded to maximize ____ and allow for sufficient material exchange. |
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Definition
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Term
the plasma membrane is made of two layers of
____ that orient to form a barrier between the internal and eternal enviroments of the cell. |
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Definition
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| By eating a balanced diet, you obtain ____ to maintain homeostasis |
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Definition
| essential nutrients, energy, raw materials to build molecules |
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Term
| Peristalsis is the involuntary rhythmic contraction of _____ tissue that works to move food through the alimentary canal. |
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Definition
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Term
| the difference between passive and active transport across a cell membrane is that passive transport ____. |
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Definition
| requires no energy and occurs according to a concentration gradient |
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Term
| The maintenance of water and solute balance in the body is ___ regulation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Connective tissue is structured differently from the other major tissue types in that ____. |
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Definition
| the cells are sparsely scattered through an extracellular proteins |
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Term
| Which one of the following organ systems connects all the others |
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Definition
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| Cells build polymers by linking monomers, which requires ATP. What kind of cellualr work is this? |
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Definition
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| Which organ system is responsible for bringing oygen into the body to support energy conversion in the cell |
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Definition
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| Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that results from ____ during meiosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Your breathing rate changes as your brain monitors _____ and then sends a signal to ____. |
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Definition
| carbon dioxide levels in the blood, the diphrahm and chest muscles |
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Term
| 90% of blood plasma is ____, which makes it good for transporting materials through the body via circulatory system. |
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Definition
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Term
| Alleles are defined as _____. |
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Definition
| alternate forms of a gene |
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Term
| The synthesis of a protein begins with ____ of DNA and ends with ____ of RNA to a polypeptide |
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Definition
| transcription, translation |
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Term
| in milk, _____ ferment lactose, which makes lactic acid. |
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Definition
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Term
| An allele that makes no noticable contribution to the expression of trait is referred to as _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cancer is a disease of _____. |
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Definition
| the cell cycle control system |
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Term
| ATP synthase is _____ that functions ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| A normal human diploid cell has how many molecules of DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| ACcording to the base-pairing rules for DNA, thymine pairs with ___ and cytosine pairs with _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The first line of defense against a normal cell that has undergone transformation is the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Someone sick with a cold coughs in your face and send little droplets of saliva into the air that you breathe in. This is called ____ transmission. |
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Definition
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Term
| The function of the systemic ciruit is to circulate blood to the ____. |
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Definition
| tisses of the body to deliver oxygen to support cellular respiration |
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Term
| a ____ is a nonliving body made up of genes enclosed in a protein box. |
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Definition
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Term
| During meiiosis, _____ seperate and during meiosis II,____ seperate. |
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Definition
| homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids |
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Term
| According to Mendel's Law of Seregation, _______. |
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Definition
| gameteshave one copy of each allele for a given trait |
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Term
| As waste products of cellular respiration, we exhale _____, which plants use to make _____ which provides us with energy via cellular respiration. |
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Definition
| carbon dioxide and water, glucose |
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Term
| Genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms is created by ____. |
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Definition
| crossing over, random fertilization, and the independent assortment of chromosomes |
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Term
| Homologous chromosomes _____. |
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Definition
| carry the same gene sequence |
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Term
| During inhalation, the chest cavity expands which creates _____ pressure relative to outside the body, so air rushes in. |
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Definition
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Term
| A cell that fails to clear a checkpoint during cell division will experience programmed cell death. technically known as _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fermentation is an anaerobic process, which means that it takes place in the absence of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| In DNA and in RNA , monomers are covalently bonded such that the molecules are said to have a ____ backbone. |
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Definition
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Term
| Arteries of the pulmonary circuit of the circulatory system carry ____. |
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Definition
| oxygen-poor blood/blood away from the heart |
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Term
| in response to low levels of ___ in the body, EPO is released by the kidneys to signal the maturation of new _____ blood cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| For the most of the life of a cell, DNA is loosley coiled and wrapped around proteins, forming ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the human body, the cell dicision process of ___ provides the body with new cells that replace dead cells or that support growth. |
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Definition
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Term
| Asexual reproduction occurs by _____ and results in offspring that are genetically ____ the parent. |
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Definition
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Term
| the complete pathway of cellular respiration reults in ____ molecules of ATP, with most generated during the ____ step. |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of protein synthesis begins in the ____ and is completed at the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| in cellular respiration, the enrgy of electrons is used to pump _____ and create a concentration gradient that can be used to make ATP. |
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Definition
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Term
| In cellular respiration, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle function to ____. |
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Definition
| capture electrons from the coplete metabolism of glucose, which are then used to make ATP |
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Term
| Of the different kinds of blood vessels, the thin, leaky _____ are the site of exchange of materials, including oxygen and carbon dioxide, between blood and intersitial fluid. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ____ type mutation mat be of no ultimate consequence because of redundancy in the genetic code. |
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Definition
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Term
| Freckles is a dominant trait in humans. What would the genotype look like for a homozygous person? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mendel's law of independent assortment refers to ____. |
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Definition
| the way that chromosomes seperate during meiosis and explains why traits are not inherited together. |
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Term
| viruses reproduce and persist by ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The force of blood against the walls of blood vessels is referred to as ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The genetic code consists of ____ codons, each of which codes for a specific ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| During interphase in the life cycle of a diploid body cell, ____. |
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Definition
| DNA replicates and the cell roughly doubles in size |
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Term
| Cells of the tissue lining the respiratory system have extensions called _____ that work to move mucus, which help remove pollutants from the system |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is the ____ in red blood cells that binds to and transports oxygen. |
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Definition
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Term
| In cellular respiration, oxygen _____. |
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Definition
| accepts spent electrons, binds to carbon |
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Term
| During cell division, a DNA molecule and its duplicate are referred to as _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the human respiratory system, gas exchange occurs across the cell of the respiratory surface, which is the _____. |
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Definition
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