Term
| What is arm chair psychology? |
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Definition
This involves trying to understand behavior and mental processes without relying on psychological lit.
A.K.A. "pop", "common sense" |
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Term
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Definition
| This is the tendancy to recall facts in order in which they were learned |
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Term
| What is a learning style? |
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Definition
| A leanring style is typicaly used to refer to a notion that one student will learn better in one way more than another and therefore they have certain perceptual strengths and weaknesses, although there has been no experimental evidence that these learning styles effect people on new material. |
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Term
What is the broad point of the Mozart effect?
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Definition
| There are no shortcuts to learning. |
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Term
| What is fluency and how does it compare to consistancy and accuracy? |
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Definition
| fluency is when one has reached a level of performance that is both accurate and quick, so that knowledge, skills, and abilites can be preformed automaticaly and are not lost when not being used |
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Term
| What does S.A.F.M.E.D.S technique and explain each part. |
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Definition
S-Say
A-All
F-Fast
M-Minute
E-Every
D-Day
S-Shuffel |
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Term
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Definition
| The disciplin that scientist studies behavior and/or mental processes. |
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Term
| What is emperical evidence? |
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Definition
| information about the world that is gathered using systematic observations and careful measurement |
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Term
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Definition
| the long standing debate over wheither human behavior and mental process developed because of inheritance or environmental facts, really both play into the world we live in to today |
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Term
| List all of the steps of the scientific method (5 parts) |
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Definition
1.Develop a research question
2. design a systematic approach to study the research q
3.collect data according to our study design
4. Analyze the collected data and draw conclusions
5. communicate the findings/results.
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Term
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Definition
| Scientist are expected to submit their results to professional journals, which send the findings to experts in the field for evaluations before deciding wheither to publish them. |
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Term
| What are replications? and why are they improtant? |
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Definition
| Replications is a reproduction fo a previously obtained result from a reserch study. the reason this is important is because you can't put too much confidence in any findings until replication is done. |
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Term
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Definition
| it is a set of statements and asseratons that appear scientific but are not supported by evidence or based on the sceinftic method. "Fake Science" |
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Term
| What are the four major reasons for psuedoscience? |
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Definition
1.evidence of using personal adodotes, testimonlas and/or personal experiences
2. The lack of peer review
3. The lack of progression or self correction
4. The presence of psychobabble
*psychobabble- the usage of pschology words and buzzwords that sound technical. |
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Term
| What are the four goals of psychology? |
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Definition
1. Description- attempts to clarify what happend with the behavior or mentla process whe are currently intrested in.
2. Prediction- So we know when it will happen again.
3. Explination- We want to know why the psychological phenomenon happend.
4. Control- We want to be able to mke the behavior or mental process happen again or never happen again. |
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Term
| Define operatioal definition |
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Definition
| an description that percisly details the phenomon of interest. you know your definition was precisly enough if two individuls independaly observe the same event both agree as to weather or not the phenonon occured. |
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Term
| What is faslifyablitiy? and why is it important? |
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Definition
| Refers to the potental of a theroy and hypothisis to be refuted or proven false. It's important because that all scienctific theroy and delivered in shcy a way as to be faslifiable. |
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Term
| According to occam razor how do you choolse the best explination for a phenomonon? |
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Definition
| The best theroy is the one the best accouts for all the evidence whild also making the fewest unconfirmed assumptions. cutting unnessary information away. |
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Term
| List and explin critical thinking. (5 parts) |
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Definition
1. alll options/ theroys are not created equil- some flaws with plans could be so tiny that you cn not worry about the little things.
2. Ask questions of everyting- a good creiecal thinker is always consined the possibily that established knowlage is wong, ever clame shoud be viewed through the same skepical eye.
3. concider the alternative interpertons might be correct- The info may be worng but it may simutniusly be right
4. analyes you persenal assumptions and biases- this is diffuclt guidline to fallow as many of us are hesetant to admit to being biased and sometimes emotioally invested.
5. tolorate the lack of immediate ofr simple answers- we do not have a compleate understanding of the world. |
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Term
| Be able to define independent and dependent variables. If given an example, be able to classify it as an independent or dependent variable. |
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Definition
Indepnedant variable- an experimental setting, a variable that the researcher manipulates with the expectation of having an impact on values of the dependent variable.
Dependent variable- in an experiment setting, a variable that the researcher measures to assess the impact of variatiion in an independant variable. |
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Term
| What is the experimental method? In regards to variables, how do experiments differ from other research methods? |
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Definition
Experimental method- research method that invovles the manipulation fo an independant variables to determine their effects on the dependent variables
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Term
| What are confounding variables? |
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Definition
| A stimulus other thatn the variable an experimenter explicitly introduces in to research settings that affects a participant's behavior. |
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Term
| Be able to describe the expectancy effect. |
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Definition
| result that occurs when a resercher or observer subtly commuicates to participants the kind of behavior he or she expectsed reaction. |
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Term
| What is the placebo effect? What is a placebo control? What is the difference between the two? |
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Definition
Placebeo effect- change in behavior in the absence of an experiment.
placebo conrtol- an expermental condition in which treatment is not administered.
placebo conrtol is used when taking a substance (face substance) is not nessary. |
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Term
| Be able to explain what a representative sample is. |
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Definition
| a subset of population that colosely matches the overall charcteristics of the population with respect to the distriution of males and females, racial and ethnic groups, and so on. |
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Term
| What is the control group and what is the experimental group? |
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Definition
| A control group is a group in an experiment that is not exposed to the treatment or does not experirience a maipulation of the indepndant variable. While the experimental group is a a group in an experiment that is exposed to the treatment or does not experirience a maipulation of the indepndant variable. |
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Term
| Be able to describe and recognize examples of between-subjects and within-subjects designs. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the correlational method? What does a correlation coefficient measure? |
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Definition
| A correlation method is a reserch methodology that determines what extent two variables, traits, or attributes are related. the correlation confficent measuese the relationship between two varibales. +/- 1 |
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Term
| Why does a correlation not establish a cause and effect relationship between two variables? What are three potential interpretations of the relation between two correlated variables? How are correlations helpful? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is reliability? What is validity? |
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Definition
realability is the degree ot which a est roduces similar scorces each time it s used; stability or consistancy of the sorces produced by an insterment.
Vaildity is an ecent which a tes measues what is intended to measure. |
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Term
| Be able describe self-report measures. What is the social desirability response? |
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Definition
| Self- repoprt measures a behavior that is reported though a prticipants eyes. social decirbitlity response is is the tendency of respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others. |
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Term
| What is naturalistic observation? What is laboratory observation? Be able to explain the difference between these methods and experimental designs. |
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Definition
Naturalistic observation a reserch tecnique in wich you observe people when they have no idea they are being wached and the parcicipants are 100% in their own enviermant.
Labratory obserbation is when you bring someone in to a labatory to study the phenomon that you wish to.
The major differnces is when you observe someone with naturlistic observations you get to see them in their pure state un like the labatory where they know their beeing tested by t he downfall with natural is that you can not control a veriable where you can in a lab. |
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Term
| Describe what a case study is. |
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Definition
| A case study is insentive pbservationon of a particular individual or small group of indivuals over a long peroid of time. |
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Term
| Of the methods covered above (naturalistic observation, laboratory observation, case study, self-reports, correlations, experiments), which is best for demonstrating a cause and effect relationship? Be able to identify advantages and drawbacks for these approaches. When given examples, be prepared to classify them according to the above methods. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is informed consent? Does this mean that participants must know every aspect of a study in advance? Under what circumstances is deception acceptable? |
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Definition
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