Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Exam #1
physical, social, intellectual, emotional, environmental, and spiritual health
127
Health Care
Undergraduate 2
09/16/2012

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are some obstacles to academic achievement?
Definition
  1. stress
  2. sleep difficulties
  3. illness
  4. anxiety
  5. work
  6. extracurriculars
  7. distractions
Term
life expectancy
Definition
 expected number of years of life remaining at a given age, such as birth
Term
True/False: Researchers believe today's newborns will be the first generation to have a lower life expectancy than that of their parents.
Definition
True: A major indicator of this is obesity and people opting out of vaccines for their children
Term
chronic disease
Definition
a disease that typicaly begins slowly, progresses, and persists, with a variety of signs and symptoms that can be treated but not cured by medication
Term
health life expectancy
Definition
expected number of years of full health remaining at a given age such as birth
Term
health
Definition
the ever changing process of achieving infividual potential in the physical, social, emotional, environmental, spiritual, and mental dimensions
Term
medical model
Definition
treatment instead of prevention, looks for a malfunction and tries to fix it; a view of health in which health status focuses primarily on the individual and a biological or diseased organ perspective
Term
public health model
Definition
disease prevention through health promotion; a view of health in which diseases and other negative health events are seen as a result of an individual's interaction social and physical environment EX: seat belt/car seat laws
Term
What definition of health did the World Health Organization propose in 1947?
Definition
"health is the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity"
Term
What are the 6 dimensions of health?
Definition
  1. physical
  2. social
  3. mental
  4. emotional
  5. environmental
  6. spiritual
Term
health promotion
Definition
the combined educational, organizational, procedural, environmental, social, and financial supports that help individuals and groups reduce negative health behaviors and promote positive change
Term
physical health factors
Definition
  • nonmodifiable determinants: genetics
  • modifiable determinants: eating/exercising habits
  • pollution, environment modifications (urban sprawl)
Term
Social Health Factors
Definition
  • relationships: abused or loved
  • social situations: how do you handle them
  • economic disadvantages
  • lack of access to education
  • poor housing
  • food & essentials
  • insecure employment/reliance
Term
Intellectual Health
Definition
ability to think clearly and make responsible decisions
Term
emotional health
Definition
ability to express emotions and maintain a level of self confidence
Term
environmental and planetary health
Definition
appreciation of one's external environment
Term
spiritual health
Definition
having a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life
Term
built environment
Definition
anything created or modified by human beings, from buildings to roads to recreation areas and transportation systems to electric transmission lines and communication cables
Term
health disparities
Definition
differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality and burden of diseases and other health conditions among specific population groups 
Term
Why is balance important to your health?
Definition
hyper-focusing on one aspect of wellness causes a decrease in wellness somewhere else
Term
Health Belief Model
Definition

Rosentock's classic theory that the following factors must support a belief for change to be likely

  • perceived seriousness
  • perceived susceptability
  • cues to action

EX: dont smoke because it gives you bad breath, can cause impotence, and fuck up your teeth

Term
Social Cognitive Model
Definition

Bandura

 

idea of modeling as a way to learn acceptable behaviors (how people react to you changes your behavior)

Three aspects that all influence each other

  • behaviors
  • social environment
  • emotions/thoughts (inner cognition)
[image]
Term
self efficacy
Definition
  • feeling good about yourself
  • believing you have skills that you can rely on to produce the desired effect
Term

Transtheoretical Model

(Stages of Change/Readiness)

Definition
DiClemente, Prochaska
  1. precontemplation
    • do what ever you want
  2. contemplation
    • start thinking about change but not ready
  3. preparation
    • sharing the process
  4. action
    • first 6 months
  5. maitenance
    • 6 months - 1 year
  6. termination
    • now a habit
Term
Locus of Control
Definition
the location, external (outside oneself) or internal (within oneself), that an individual perceives as the source and underlying cause of events in his or her life
Term
internal locus of control
Definition
strong self efficacy
Term
external locus of control
Definition
fate & everyone else make an impact
Term
SMART
Definition
specific, measurable, action-oriented, realistic, time oriented
Term
barriers to change
Definition

possible stumbling blocks

  • overambition
  • self-defeating
  • not realistic
  • lack of support negative emotions
Term
imagined rehearsal
Definition
practicing through mental imagery, to become better able to perform an event in actuality
Term
countering
Definition
substituting a desired behavior for an undesirable one
Term
shaping
Definition
using a series of small steps to gradually achieve a particular goal
Term
modeling
Definition
learning specific behaviors by watching others perform them
Term
positive reinforcement
Definition
presenting something positive following a behavior that is being reinforced
Term
psychological health
Definition
the mental, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of health
Term
What characteristics make good psychological health?
Definition
  • they feel good about themselves
  • they feel comfortable with other people and express respect and compassion toward
  • they control tension and anxiety
  • they meet the demands of life
  • curb hate and guilt
  • maintain a positive outlook
  • they value diversity
  • they appreciate and respect nature
Term
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Definition
[image]
Term
learned helplessness
Definition
pattern of responding to situations by giving up because of repeated failure in the past
Term
learned optimism
Definition
teaching oneself to think positively
Term
Mental Health
Definition
  • person perceives life realistically
    • adapt
    • develop rational strategies
    • manages personal and professional responsibility
Term
emotional health
Definition
  • responds appropriately to stressors
  • does not let feelings over power thoughts and actions
  • emotional turmoil may seriously affect the ability to think, reason, and act rationally
Term
Social Health
Definition
  • THREE CONCEPTS
    • interactions w/ others
    • ability to use social resources and support in times of need
    • ability to adapt
  • enjoy a wide range of interactions with family and friends
  • able to have healthy interactions w/ an intimate partner
  • act in socially acceptable and responsible ways and find the best fit for themselves in society
Term
Spiritual Health
Definition
  • nature
  • people
  • higher power
  • perspective
Term
extroversion
Definition
assertiveness
Term
agreeableness
Definition
conform, likeable, friendly
Term
openness
Definition
independence
Term
emotional stability
Definition
control
Term
concientiousness
Definition
dependable, discipline
Term
resiliency
Definition
adapt
Term
chronic mood disorder
Definition
experience of persistent emotional states, such as sadness, despair, and hoplessness
Term
Major Depression
Definition
severe depressive disorder that entails chronic mood disorder, physical effects such as sleep disturbance and exhaustion, and mental effects such as the inability to concentrate (AKA clinical depression)
Term
Dysthymic Disorder
Definition
less severe type of depression
Term
bipolar disorder
Definition
characterized by alternating mania and depression (manic depression)
Term
seasonal effective disorder (SAD)
Definition
depression that occurs in the winter months, when there is less sunlight
Term
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Definition

severe enough to interfere significantly with daily life, may cause restlessness, difficulty in concentrating, tension, and other symptoms

 

Term
Panic disorders
Definition
the occurence of panic attacks
Term
panic attacks
Definition
severe anxiety reaction in which a particular situation often for unknown reasons causes terror
Term
phobic disorders
Definition
persistent IRRATIONAL fear of something in particular
Term
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Definition
compelled to perform rituals and have persistent intrusive thoughts
Term
post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Definition
affects those who have experienced or witnessed a natural disaster, serious accident, violent assault, or other traumatic life events
Term
personality disorders
Definition
class of mental disorders that are characterized by inflexible patterns of thought and beliefs that lead to socially distressing behavior
Term
paranoid personality disorder
Definition
pervasive, unfounded suspicion and mistrust of other people
Term
Narcassistic personality disorder
Definition
an exaggerated sense of self importance and a tendency to be absorbed w/ self rather than others
Term
borderline personality disorder 
Definition
impulsiveness and risky behaviors (extreme love or hate)
Term
Schizophrenia 
Definition

mental illness with biological origins that is characterized by irrational behavior, severe alterations of the senses (hallucinations), and often an ability to function in society

(alterations of the senses, INABILITY TO SORT INCOMING STIMULI AND MAKE APPROPRIATE RESPONSES, altered sense of self, radical changes in emotions, movements, and behaviors)

Term
What 2 biological purposes does sleep serve?
Definition
  1. sleeping conserves body energy
  2. restores you physically and mentally
Term
psychomotor vigilance
Definition

alertness, ability to do mental tasks, focus

  • reaction time
  • sustained attention
  • quick decision making
  • mistakes
Term
how does sleep promote psychosocial health?
Definition
brain rest: in mulitple brain regions including cerebral cortex; more stressed out, worried, or sad when tired
Term
circadian rhythm
Definition

the 24 hour cycle to which you are accustomed to going to sleep, waking up, and performing habitual behaviors ("internal clock")

  • regulated by the pineal gland which releases melatonin
Term
NREM
Definition
is physiologically restorative - distinguished by their brain wave patterns
Term
REM (rapid eye movement)
Definition
sleep energizes the brain
Term
5 stages of sleep
Definition
  1. (NREM) first 5-10 minutes, myoclonic jerk
  2. (NREM) 5-15 minutes; body temp, heart rate, and blood pressure drops
  3. (NREM) transition between light and deep sleep
  4. (NREM) deepest stage, growth hormones are released, 30 minutes
  5. (REM) energizing, paralyzing, dreaming
Term
sleep inertia
Definition
cognitive impairment, grogginess and a disoriented feeling upon waking
Term
sleep debt
Definition
mental and physiological repair needed protein and routine
Term
insomnia
Definition
difficulty falling asleep, waking up frequently, difficulty returning to sleep
Term
central sleep apnea
Definition

brain fails to tell the respiratory system muscles to initiate breathing (alcohol)

 

Term
obstructive sleep apnea
Definition
air cannot move in and out (overweight, body builders)
Term
narcolepsy
Definition
excessive, intrusive sleepiness; causes regulation of sleep during sleep-wake cycle.
Term
parasomnia
Definition
a disorder characterized by undersirable events occur during sleep
Term
REM sleep behavior disorder
Definition
acts out vivid dreams
Term
night terror
Definition
fear or dread, not nightmares
Term
stress
Definition
a real or imagined threat to ones being
Term
stressor
Definition
an event or condition that upsets homeostasis and produces a stress response
Term
distress
Definition
negative stress
Term
eustress
Definition
positive stress and can present opporuntities for personal growth
Term
acute stress
Definition
short term physiological responses to an immediate or perceived trainer
Term
chronic stress
Definition
ongoing state of physiological responses to ongoing or numerous perceived stress
Term
general adaptation syndrom
Definition
the pattern followed in the physiological response to stress, consisting of the alarm phase, resistance phase and exhaustion phase
Term
alarm stage of GAS
Definition
  • hypothalamus stimulates adrenal glands to release epinepherin
  • increased blood flow, heart rate, respiratory rate
  • body poised to act
Term
cortisol
Definition

a hormone that is released by the adrenal glands that makes stored nutrients more readily available to meet energy demands

  • increase blood glucose
  • suppress immunity
  • decrease bone formation
  • counteracts insulin
  • increase blood pressure
  • suppreses fertility
  • increase apetite 
  • stimulates visceral fat storage
Term
resistance phase of GAS
Definition
  • body tries to return to homeostasis by resisting alarm response
  • does not achieve complete rest
Term
exhaustion phase of GAS
Definition
  • prolonged effort to adapt to stress
  • exhaustive wear and tear on the body (allostatic load)
  • as cortisol remains in the blood stream it can reduce the ability of the immune system to attack
Term
allostatic load
Definition
wear and tear on the body caused by prolonged or excessive stress responses
Term
What are some psychosocial stressors?
Definition
  • adjustment to change
  • hassles
  • relationships
  • academics
  • frustrations
  • overload
  • bias/discrimination
Term
overload
Definition
when a person feels overly pressure by demands
Term
background distressors
Definition
environmental stressors that people are often unaware of
Term
sympathomimetics
Definition
  • food substances that can produce stresslike physiological responses
  • caffeine
  • gives adrenaline response
Term
appraisal
Definition
done automatically by senses; the interpretation and evaluation of info provided to the brain by the senses
Term
psychological hardiness
Definition
a personality trait characterized by control, committment, and the embrace of change
Term
downshifting
Definition
a fundamental alteration in values and honest introspection about what is important in life
Term
stress inoculation
Definition
stress management technique in which a person conciously tries to prepare ahead of time for potential stressors
Term
coping
Definition
managing events or conditions to lessen the physical or psychological effects of excess stress
Term
self concept
Definition
the way you define yourself
Term
self esteem
Definition
the way you evaluate yourself (feel about yourself)
Term
behavioral interdependence
Definition
mutual impact that people have on each other (self concept works both ways)
Term
What are the 5 psychological factors required for need fulfillment?
Definition
  1. intimacy
  2. social integration
  3. nurturance
  4. assistance
  5. affirmation
Term
self nurturance
Definition
developing individual potential through a balanced and realistic appreciation of self worth and ability
Term
accountability
Definition
recognizing that you are responsible for you own decision, actions, and choices
Term
What is the importance of friendships?
Definition
friends provide emotional stability and having strong friendships may predict success in loving relationships
Term
romantic relationships
Definition

include all the characteristics of friendships as well as 

  1. fascination
  2. exclusiveness
  3. sexual desire
  4. giving the utmost: making sacrifices
  5. being a champion or advocate: helping them be successful
Term
Sternberg's Triangular Love Theory
Definition
[image]
Term
imprinting
Definition
hormones triggered, genetic predisposition and past experiences trigger a romantic reaction
Term
attractions
Definition
neurochemicals produce feeings of euphoria and elation
Term
attachment
Definition
endorphins cause lovers to feel peaceful, secure, and calm
Term
cuddle chemical oxytocin
Definition
stimulates sensations during lovemaking and eliciting feelings of satisfaction and attachment
Term
4 year itch
Definition
passionate phase is over, no more hormone release
Term
predictability
Definition
can predict your partner's behavior
Term
dependability
Definition
mean that you can rely on your partner to give support in all situations, particularly those where you feel threatened by hurt or rejection
Term
faith
Definition
feel absolutely certain about your partners intentions and behaviors
Term
competitive listening
Definition

when you only care about your own point of view

"good arguer"

Term
passive listening
Definition
genuinly interested, eye contact, no distraction, trying to understand what the person is saying
Term
active listening
Definition
genuinly interested in listening and understanding what the speaker has to say, active in confirming our understanding before we respnd by restating, paraphrasing, reflecting, and verifying
Term
committed relationships
Definition
an intent to act over time in a way that perpetuates the well-being of the other person, oneself, and the relationship
Term
self disclosure
Definition
sharing personal information with others
Term
jealousy
Definition
an aversive reaction evoked by a real or imagined relationship involving a person's partner and a third party
Term
conflict
Definition
behavior of one interferes with another
Term
conflict resolution
Definition
managing differences fairly, a constructive effort to resolve points of contention
Supporting users have an ad free experience!