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| the scientific field that seeks to understand the nature and causes of individual behavior and thought in social situations. |
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| An area of research in social psychology that seeks knowledge about the neural and biological bases of social processes. |
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| an unconscious tendency toward self-enhancement |
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| Multicultural perspective |
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| a focus on understanding the cultural and ethnic factors that influence social behavior. |
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| Carefully observing behavior as it occurs. A method of research in which behavior is systematically observed and recorded. |
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| A method of research in which large numbers of persons answer questions about their attitudes or behavior. |
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| observation of behavior in natural settings |
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| A method of research in which a scientist systematically observes two or more variables to determine whether changes in one are accompanied by changes in the other. |
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| An as-yet-unverified prediction |
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| Experimentation (experimental method) |
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| a method of research in which one or more factors (independent variable) are systematically changed to determine whether such variations affect one or more other factor (dependent variable). |
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| the variable that is systematically changed (varied) in an experiment. |
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| The variable that is measured in am experiment. |
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| The extent to which the findings of an experiment can be generalized to real-life social situations and perhaps to who participated in the research. |
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| A special form of mathematics that allows us to evaluate the likelihood that a given pattern of results occurred by chance alone. |
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| A statistical technique for combining data from independent studies in order to determine whether specific variables have significant effects across these studies |
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| Effects by scientists in any field to answer the question "why?"; frameworks for explaining various events or processes |
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| A technique whereby researchers withhold information about the purpose or procedures of a study from persons participating in it. |
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| A procedure in which research participants are provided with as much information as possible about a research project before deciding whether to participate in it. |
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| Procedures at the conclusion of a research session in which participants are given full information about the nature of the research and the hypothesis under investigation. |
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| the manner in which we interpret, analyze, remember, and use information about the social world |
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| our current feelings and moods |
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| mental frameworks centering around a specific theme that help us to organize social information |
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| the tendency for beliefs and schemas to remain unchanged, even in the face of contradictory information |
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| Self-fulfilling prophecies |
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| predictions that, in a sense, make themselves come true |
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| Instances in which our ability to process information is exceeded |
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| simple rules for making complex decisions or drawing inferences in a rapid and seemingly effortless manner |
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| Representativeness heuristic |
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| a strategy for making judgments based on the extent to which current stimuli or events resemble other stimuli or categories. "The more similar an individual is to typical members of a given group, the more likely she or he is to belong to that group." |
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| A strategy for making judgement on the bias of how easily specific kinds of information can be brought to mind. |
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| Anchoring and adjustment heuristics |
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| a heuristic that involves the tendency to use a number or value as a starting point, to which we them make adjustments |
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| after extensive experience with a task or type of information, the stage at which we can preform the information in a seemingly effortless, automatic, and nonconscious manner |
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| A greater sesitivity to negative information than to positive information |
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| our predisposition to expect things to turn out well over-all |
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| the tendency to have more confidence in the accuracy of our judgments than is reasonable |
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| the tendency to make optimistic predictions concerning how long a given task will take for completion |
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| the tendency to imagine other outcomes in a situation than the ones that occurred |
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| efforts to prevent certain thoughts from entering consciousness |
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| thinking involving assumptioms that don't hold up to rational scrutiny |
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| Information learned while in a positive/negative mood --> more easily recalled when in a positive/negative mood |
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| good/bad mood --> positive/negative information noticed and remembered |
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| the process through which we seek to know and understand other persons |
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| the process through which we seek to identify the causes of others' behavior and so gain knowledge of their stable traits and dispositions |
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