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| Popular Psychology (Self Help) |
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Definition
| Over 3,500 books, increasing intelligence, memory, depression and enhancing our sex lives. Information can be good, misleading, or dangerous |
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| Psychological Pseudoscience |
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| Set of claims that seems scientific but is not |
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| to seek out evidence that supports our hypothesis and neglect contradicting evidence |
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| to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them |
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| set of skills for evaluating all claims in an open- minded and careful fashion |
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| require extraordinary evidence |
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| for a claim to be meaningful, it must be capable of being disproved |
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| simplest explanation for a given set of data is the best one |
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| findings must be duplicated, ideally by independent investigators |
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| Ruling out rival hypotheses |
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| need to consider alternative hypothesis |
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| Correlation is a relationship |
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| - one thing goes up something else goes up- ice cream sales to domestic violence, Correlation- causation fallacy |
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| - The science of behavior ( what we do) and mental processes ( sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs and feelings) |
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| Historical Conceptualizations of Psychology |
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| Supernatural, Biological and Psychological |
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| Possessions, Demons, Witches, Evil Spirits |
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| Exorcism, burning at the stake, beating, caging up like animals, castration, trephining |
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| Biological abnormality or condition was directly responsible for behavorial/ psychological abnormality |
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• Blood- Liver
• Phlegm- brain and lungs
• Yellow bile- gall bladder
• Black bile- spleen |
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| Unconscious motives and drives determine human behavior ; unresolved conflicts lead to pathology |
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| Uncovering, recalling and processing these unresolved conflicts |
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| Suggested that individuals were born as a blank slate or tabula rasa |
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| Notion that bumps on ones skull reflects ones personality, differences in bumps reflects differences in personalities between people |
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• Created the first psychology laboratory in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany
• This is often referred to as the birth of psychology as a formal science |
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| Made up of Biological, Psychological and Social, cannot treat one without looking into all |
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| Behavioral influences of inner forces |
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| Focus on observable events |
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| How people think, understand, and know about the world |
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| Free will Natural tendency to be in control of our lives |
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Term
| Neuroscience ( Biological |
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Definition
| Biological bases of behavior |
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