Term
| How do humans use communication and what happens if we don't have communication? |
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Definition
| Humans use communication to exchange information, can be verbal or non-verbal. If we do not have communication, a social behavior, there are detrimental effects on our central nervous system (brain) |
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Term
| Five components of communication |
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Definition
Voice
Articulation
Language
Fluency
Hearing |
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Term
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Definition
| -sounds we make, produced in larynx, needed for oral communication. |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of various speech structures to MODIFY sounds, accurate production, combining sounds. Use lips, teeth and tongue. |
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Term
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Definition
| System of codes or symbols, more abstract that speech, oral or non-oral, words, combining words for phrases, sentences, arrangement of words, adding or modifying words. |
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Term
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Definition
Rhythm, effort and flow of speech.
Problems- stuttering or cluttering |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning
study of word structure
How words are put together, prefixes, suffixes, part of grammar. |
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Term
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Definition
How words are arranged and ordered.
collection of rules, varies depending on the language, another part of grammar. |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of the meaning of Language, the meaning that words, phrases and sentences convey. |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of the rules that govern the use of language in social situations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of the rules that govern the use of language in social situations. |
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Term
Van Riper
Communication Disorder |
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Definition
-deviates from speech of others
-calls attention to itself
-interferes with communication
-causes distress for speaker and listener |
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Term
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Definition
Cause or etilogy
functional impact
age:acquired or congenital
descriptive classification system: voice, articulation, language, fluency, hearing disorder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cultural difference- be sensitive |
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Term
| Speech Language Pathologist role |
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Definition
-evaluate
-diagnose
-treat
speech, language, cognitive-communication and swallowing disorders of all ages from infants to elderly |
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Term
| SLP educational requirements |
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Definition
Masters in CD
National test (Praxis)
9 month internship
Continuing education |
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Term
| AuD educational requirements |
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Definition
AuD - doctorate
National test (Praxius)
1 year or 9 month (CA)
Continuing Education |
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Term
| National Certification by ASHA |
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Definition
| means more training and educated as best of the best. |
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Term
For SLP
-certification
-license
-credential |
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Definition
-certification- national level, not required.
-license-California, practice in CA only
-credential- California, public schools |
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Term
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Definition
National Certification granted by ASHA
California license- practice in Ca only |
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Term
Function of the organs for Speech and Language
-Respiratory System - Lungs- |
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Definition
1st- provide air exchange
-supply oxygen to the blood
-help eliminate carbon dioxide
2nd - provide air flow and pressure necessary to produce voice and speech. |
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Term
Function of the organs for Speech and Language
-Larynx or voice box |
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Definition
1st
-guardian of lowr airway
-fixates during heavy lifting
-aids in coughing during aspiration
2nd
-provides vocal quality to our speech |
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Term
Function of the organs for Speech and Language
-Teeth |
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Definition
1st
-chewing food
2nd
-assist with articulation of speech |
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Term
Function of the organs for Speech and Language
-Tongue- |
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Definition
1st
-moving food around
-taste buds
2nd
-serves as articulator for speech |
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Term
Function of the organs for Speech and Language
-Lips |
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Definition
1st
-sucking, think newborn infant
2nd
-serves as articulator for speech |
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Term
Function of the organs for Speech and Language
-Ears |
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Definition
1st
- survival, alert to danger
2nd
- developing speech production and speech perception |
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Term
Main Structures of Respiration and their functions
-Ribs |
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Definition
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Term
Main Structures of Respiration and their functions
-diaphragm |
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Definition
muscles, dome-like, under lungs, contract (down) and air is inhaled.
relaxes, and air is exhaled. |
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Term
Main Structures of Respiration and their functions
-lungs |
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Definition
passive, have tube at top called right/left bronchi
-attaches to trachea |
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Term
Main Structures of Respiration and their functions
-Trachea |
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Definition
| formed from cartilage, 20 rings |
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Term
| How do we use air when we speak? |
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Definition
Exhalation moves vocal folds, creates voice.
Exhalation cycle longer than inhalation when speaking. |
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Term
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Definition
Phonation- voiced speech
- Not all speech sounds are voiced
Main Structures:Larynx, vocal folds, pharynx |
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Term
Phonatory Mechanism
-Larynx |
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Definition
a thin membrane that grows across, and closes some or most of the opening between the vocal folds.
-Voice box, generates sound |
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Term
Phonatory Mechanism
-Vocal Folds |
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Definition
Muscle, thin pair muscles used to produce sound when they vibrate.
-Vibrate slow or fast, open/close quickly.
Gives humans a range of vocal qualities.
Opposing muscles bring vocal folds together and pull them apart. |
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Term
Phonatory Mechanism
-Pharynx |
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Definition
The sound the larynx produces passing through cavities of throat and mouth.
-has 3 parts:
-nasopharynx (nasal cavity)
-oropharynx (soft palate)
-laryngopharynx 9 base of tongue) |
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Term
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Definition
Thyroid Cartilage 1
Cricoid Cartilage 2
Arytendoid Cartilage 3&4 |
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Term
Vocal Folds
-Adducted
-Abducted |
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Definition
-Adducted- VF are closed, producing voice
-Abducted- VF are open, pulled apart & silent |
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Term
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Definition
-hard palate- bony roof of mouth and floor of nose. Pair of bones called maxillae.
-soft palate- velum-
-Alveolar ridge-Rimmed by a curved ridge with upper teeth.
-frenulum- skin under tongue |
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Term
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Definition
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral nervous System (PNS)
1. Serves to initiate and regulate our behaviors through the communication via the nerves primarily consist of the brain and the spinal cord.
2. Craninal and spinal nerves distributes commands for action to the body and collects information from the environment. Cranial nerves are more directly involved in speech, language and hearing. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Medulla- controls breathing and other vital functions of the body.
2. Pons
3. Midbrain
Cerebellum- major structure of movement, regulates equilibrium, body posture, coordinates fine motor movements such as speech production.
-cerebrum- two halves; right and left hemispheres, sensory and motor contra-lateral (each half is concerned with body's other half. |
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Term
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Definition
Determined by VF movement
Hertz (Hz)
Men @ 125
Women @ 225
Resonance- quality, modification of sound by structures through which the sound passes. |
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Term
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Definition
International Phonetic Alphabet
/ / is sound
[ ] is conversation |
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Term
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Definition
| Vowels are acquired first |
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Term
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Definition
| vowels are combined to form a continuous change in the vocal tract. |
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Term
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Definition
pairs of sounds that differ only by thier voicing quality
/s/ and /z/
/p/ and /b/ |
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Term
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Definition
| can't be broken down into smaller units without changing meaning |
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Term
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Definition
a morpheme that can not convey meaning by itself.
-must be attached to a free morpheme
*deals with prefix and suffix |
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Term
Calculate MLU
Mean length of utterance |
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Definition
| Average length of a persons multiple utterances measured in terms of morphemes |
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Term
-Cooing
-Motherese
-babbling
-echolalic stage |
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Definition
-cooing- various vowel sounds
-motherese- producing shot phrases slowly and clearly with exaggerated intonation, 2 or 3 ties.
-babbling- repetition of strings of consonants and vowel combinations
-echolalic stage- immediate imitation of another speaker, rather than spontaneous. |
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Term
-Jargon
-Holophrastic phrase
-telegraphic speech |
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Definition
-Jargon-long strings of unintelligible sounds with adult-like intonation
-holophrastic phrase- children's single word have the meaning of a whole sentence. SHoes?
-telegraphic speech- often lack grammatical features, articles, prepositions, conjunctions |
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