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| chosen variable is changed in a known way |
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| chosen variable is not changed |
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| collect data and develop theories, models, and laws about how nature works |
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| an attempt to gain knowledge on how nature works, use knowledge to predict what is likely to happen |
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1) Observe behavior
2) Attempt to identify cause and effect
3) Make predictions
4) Test predictions
5) Draw conclusions |
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| possible and testable explanation of what they observe in nature or in the results of their experiment (may or may not be correct) |
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| approximate representation or simulation of a sustem being studied |
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scientific hypothesis that has been well-tested and widely accepted
never been proven false |
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| well tested and widely accepted description of what we find happening over and over in the same way in nature |
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| 4 Important Feature of Scientific Process: |
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-Curiosity
-Skepticism
-Peer Review
-Reproducibility |
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| Fundmental Part of Science |
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Definition
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-scientists cannot prove or disprove anything absolutely
-have bias about results
-huge number of interacting variables and complex interactions |
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| Natural Greenhouse Effect |
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Definition
keeps atmosphere temp moderate
-How much warming over last 50 years?
-How much caused by adding carbon dioxide to atmosphere?
-How much will atmosphere warm in future, and effects? |
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Definition
-consists of elements and compounds which are in turn made up of atoms, ions, and molecules
-when it undergoes physical/chemical change, no atoms are created or destroyed (conservation of matter) |
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anything that has mass and occupies space
-3 physical states: solid, liquid, gas
-2 chemical form: elements and compounds |
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| fundamental substances with unique set of properties |
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combinations of two or more different elements held together in fixed proportions
-organic: carbon based
-inorganic: everything else |
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Definition
most basic building block of matter
-smallest unit of matter into which an element can be divided and still have the same chemical properties
-subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, electrons |
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| all elements are made from atoms |
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| small dense center of an atom |
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| number of protons in the nucleus of its atom |
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| total number of neutrons and protons in its nucleus |
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| element with same atomic number but different mass numbers |
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an atom with one or more net positive or negative electrical charges
-2nd building block
-made up of protons neutrons, and electrons |
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combination of two or more atom of the same or different chemical elements
-3rd building block |
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| shows number of each type of atom or ion in a compound |
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| Complex Organic Compounds |
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Definition
essential to life
-composed of macromolecules |
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formed when a number of simple organic molecules (monomers) are linked together by chemical bonds
-complex carbs
-proteins
-nucleic acid |
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smallest and most fundmental structural and functional units of life
-DNA |
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| all things living are composed of cells |
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| certain sequences of nucleotides within DNA |
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special DNA molecule together with a number of proteins
-1000s of genes |
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| measure of how useful a given sample of matter is as a resource for humans |
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| Matter goes through 3 types of nuclear change |
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Definition
-radioactive decay
-nuclear fusion
-nuclear fission |
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Definition
nuclei of unstable isotopes spontaneously emit fasat-moving chunks of matter (alpha / beta)
or emit high energy radiation (gamma rays) |
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Definition
| nuclei of certain isotopes with large mass numbers are split apart into light nuclei when struck by a neutron |
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Definition
| two isotopes of light elements are forced together at extremely high temps until they fuse to form a heavier nucleus |
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Definition
the capacity to do work or transfer heat
potential: stored energy
kinetic: moving energy |
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Definition
study of energy transformation
-law of conservation of energy
-energy can be converted
-neither created or destroyed |
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Definition
1) There is no away
2) You cannot get something from nothing
3) You cannot break even |
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