Term
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Definition
| Permanent change in behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Measures the amount of saliva in one's mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| Discovered "classical conditioning" |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning through association |
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Term
| Unconditional Stimulus (US) |
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Definition
| A stimulus that elicits an (unconditioned) response (UR) naturally |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually unrelated stimulus provided just before an unconditioned stimulus (US) |
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Term
| Conditioned Response (CR) |
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Definition
| Action that responds to something that it ordinarily does not respond to |
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Term
| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) |
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Definition
| A neutral stimulus that has now become ingrained as a usual occurrence |
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Term
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Definition
| When a CS continues to be presented without the arrival of the US and the organism ceases to associate the two |
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Term
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Definition
| When it only takes a few trials to reinstate learned associations due to the fact that learning is permanent |
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Term
| Who exploits the principle of classical conditioning frequently? |
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Definition
| Advertisers, in an attempt to sell products |
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Term
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Definition
| When the organism discriminates a stimulus so it doesn't apply to other similar stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| When the organism generalizes a stimulus to apply to other similar stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| To demonstrate that phobias could be acquired via classical conditioning |
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Term
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Definition
| An orphan who was classically conditioned to fear white rats and other similar looking organisms due to John B. Watson making him associate them with loud, fearful noises. |
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Term
| Operant Conditioning (AKA Operant Learning, Instrumental Conditioning, and Instrumental Learning) |
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Definition
| Based on the work of Edward L. Thorndike and proposed the Law of Effect |
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Term
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Definition
| States that responses followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated under similar circumstances |
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Term
| Which kind of conditioning is voluntary and which is involuntary? |
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Definition
Voluntary - Operant conditioning
Involuntary - Classical conditioning |
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Term
| The Three Broad Types of Instrumental Learning |
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Definition
| Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| The odds of engaging in that behavior again is increased |
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Term
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Definition
| Something positive is given in exchange for a good action |
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Term
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Definition
| When a begavior is performed in order to remove or reduce an aversice stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves trying to correct a behavior or wanting to castigate a person or animal for having engaged in unacceptable behavior, intended to punish |
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Term
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Definition
| Anything that is inherently pleasant or rewarding |
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Term
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Definition
| Reinforcers that we have learned to associate with primary reinforcers |
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Term
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Definition
| Anything that is inherently unpleasant |
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Term
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Definition
| Anything we've learned to associate with a primary punisher |
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Term
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Definition
| Using reinforcement, the withholding of reinforcement, and sometimes punishment to get someone or an animal to approximate the overall target behavior |
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Term
| Approximate (in reference to Shaping) |
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Definition
| Make progress towards learning the overall desired behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Things such as fake coings that the child can cash in later after more tokens have been accumulated for a toy or some other treat |
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Term
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Definition
| The intentional infliction of pain for the purpose of correcting or controlling a child who has committed an offense |
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Term
| # of States That Permit the Usage of Corporal Punishment |
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Definition
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Term
| What 4 conditions show correlation with corporal punishment as a child? |
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Definition
| Aggression, anxiety, depression, and anti-socialness |
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Term
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Definition
| Showed that adult psychopathology to be significantly related to corporal punishment as a child and that having been punished physically as a child had a positive effect on their subsequent development. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reinforcement for behavior from others |
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Term
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Definition
| Reinforcement that comes from within |
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Term
| Learning Through Observation |
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Definition
| Seeing others engaging in behavior and imitating them |
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Term
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Definition
| "Ah-hah!" or "Light Bulb" experience |
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