Term
| Who created the Expectancy Violation Theory? When? |
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Definition
| Judee Burgoon. 1978; tweaked in 1994 |
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Term
| What is the Expectancy Violation Theory? |
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Definition
| explains one's reactions to unexpected behavior of their peers, and the various meanings that people attribute to the violation - expect people to act in a certain way and when they don't our expectations are violated |
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Term
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Definition
| what you believe will happen in a certain situation |
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Term
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Definition
| the setting of the behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| what shared history (if any) you have with the person or persons |
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Term
| Communicator's Characteristics |
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Definition
| perception- what stereotypes you have about the communicator |
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Term
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Definition
| the reaction towards the violation |
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Term
| Communicator Reward Valence |
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Definition
| the evaluation you end up making about the person who committed the violation- violation of the expectation |
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Term
| Who created the Social Penetration Theory? When? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Social Penetration Theory? |
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Definition
| the process of developing deeper intimacy with another person through mutual self-disclosure and other forms of vulnerability |
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Term
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Definition
| penetrate to the core - how deep/personal the communication gets |
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Term
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Definition
| how many topics you can talk about |
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Term
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Definition
| how often self-disclosure is taking place |
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Term
| How should depth and breadth react to more development of relationships? Self-Disclosure? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the voluntary sharing of personal history, preferences, attitudes, feelings, values, secrets, etc. with another person; transparency |
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Term
| What are the three layers of the Social Penetration Theory? |
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Definition
1. Superficial Layer
2. Social/Personal Layer
3. Intimate Layer |
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Term
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Definition
| Easy to penetrate - includes information that anyone could know |
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Term
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Definition
| usually includes friends, acquaintances, potential lovers - information involves likes and dislikes, some hopes and fears, political stance, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| only a select few people - personal details that have created you |
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Term
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Definition
| the positive or negative "charge" of the self-disclosure |
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Term
| How should self-disclosure happen amongst people in a relationship? |
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Definition
| should be on the same level - if it isn't equal then it needs to stop |
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Term
| Who created the Uncertainty Reduction Theory? When? |
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Definition
| Charles Berger & Richard Calabrese. 1975 |
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Term
| What is the Uncertainty Reduction Theory? |
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Definition
| people find uncertainty in interpersonal relationships unpleasant and are motivated to reduce it through interpersonal communication (self-disclosing personal information) |
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Term
| What are the seven assumptions in Uncertainty Reduction Theory? |
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Definition
1. People experience uncertainty in interpersonal settings
2. Uncertainty is an aversive state, generating cognitive stress
3. When strangers meet, their primary concern is to reduce their uncertainty or to increase predictability
4. Interpersonal communication is a developmental process that occurs through stages
5. Interpersonal communication is the primary means of uncertainty reduction
6. The quantity and nature of information that people share change through time
7. It is possible to predict people's behavior in a law-like fashion (rule - certain things always happen under assumption) |
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Term
| What are the three stages in Uncertainty Reduction Theory? |
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Definition
1. Entry Phase: the beginning stage of an interaction between strangers
2. Personal Phase: people begin to communicate more spontaneously and personally
3. Exit Phase: people decide whether to continue or leave the relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| reciprocation of self-disclosure (eye for an eye) |
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Term
| What are the nine axioms in Uncertainty Reduction Theory? |
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Definition
1. As the amount of verbal communication between strangers increases, the level of uncertainty for each individual in the relationship will decrease. As uncertainty is further reduced, the amount of verbal communication will increase.
2. There is an inverse (opposite) relation between uncertainty and nonverbal expressiveness - can be misinterpreted.
3. There is a positive relation between information-seeking behavior and uncertainty.
4. There is an inverse relation between intimacy and uncertainty.
5. There is a positive relation between reciprocity and uncertainty.
6. When people have things in common, they are more likely to reduce uncertainty about the other, while dissimilarities produce increases in uncertainty about the other individual.
7. Increased levels of uncertainty produce decreased levels in liking.
8. Shared communication networks reduce uncertainty, while lack of shared networks increase uncertainty.
9. There is an inverse relationship between uncertainty and communication satisfaction. |
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Term
| What are the three important theorems in the Uncertainty Reduction Theory? |
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Definition
#3 Verbal communication and the level of intimacy are positively related
#20 Nonverbal expressions and similarity are positively related
#21 Similarity and liking are positively related |
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Term
| What are the six types of love styles? Are they primary or secondary? |
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Definition
1. Agape - Secondary
2. Eros - Primary
3. Storge - Primary
4. Pragma - Secondary
5. Mania - Secondary
6. Ludus - Primary |
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Term
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Definition
Love is altruistic (kind and unselfish love)
Gets more pleasure from giving in a relationship than receiving
Often play the martyr because they give everything to their partner
When they receive criticism from their partner they often change themselves to make them happy
Separation = emptiness and lost |
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Term
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Definition
Erotic lovers fall in love early in a relationship
Love is very intense and passionate
Wants to share everything and know everything about their loved one
Think of their partners in an idealized manner
Reaction to criticism is full of hurt and pain
Feels depressed when they end things |
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Term
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Definition
Develops slowly
Grows out of mutual understanding, rapport, respect, championship, sharing, and concern
Not made out of ecstasy but out of friendship love
Get criticism from partner = give and take to find compromise
Separated = emptiness and loneliness
Love as a friendship or companionship |
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Term
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Definition
Practical approach to love - logical and realistic
Reaction to criticism is defensive or analytical |
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Term
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Definition
Manic lovers are obsessive, jealous, irrational, possessive, and consumed by thoughts of their lovers
Love is put to the test for reassurance
Reaction to criticism is defensiveness, hypersensitivity, or violence
Separation leads to extreme depression |
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Term
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Definition
Self-oriented approach to love
See love as a game
Ludics minimize dependency and commitment
Never become overly involved with one person
Don't reveal true thoughts or feelings
Like to have sex for pleasure
Indifferent to partner
Separation from partner means immediate replacement |
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Term
| Who created Relational Dialectics? When? |
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Definition
| Montgomery and Baker. 1996 |
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Term
| What is Relational Dialectics? |
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Definition
| dialectical tensions are contradictory feelings that tug at us in every relationship - opposing forces and tension help build and strengthen relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| tensions that arise when opposing or conflicting goals exist in a relationship; can be external or internal |
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Term
| What are the four assumptions of Relational Dialectics? |
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Definition
1. Relationships are not linear - includes feedback and multiple transceivers
2. Relational life is characterized by change
3. Contradiction is the fundamental fact of relational life - want to be spontaneous
4. Communication is central to organizing and negotiation relational contradictions |
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Term
| What builds the tension in Relational Dialectics? |
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Definition
1. Totality: acknowledges the interdependence of people in a relationship
2. Contradiction: opposites
3. Motion: refers to the processual nature of relationships
4. Praxis: choice making capacity of humans (negotiating)
5. Meanings emerge from the struggle of opposing discourses |
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Term
| What are the three types of Relational Dialectics? |
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Definition
1. Autonmy vs. Connection (togetherness vs. independence)
2. Novelty vs. Predictability (routine vs. spontaneous)
3. Openness vs. Closedness (self-disclosing vs. silence) |
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Term
| What are the four ways to respond to Relational Dialectics? |
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Definition
1. Cyclic Alternation: changes over time
2. Segmentation: changes due to context
3. Selection: choice between opposites
4. Integration: synthesizing the opposition (neutralizing, disqualifying certain issues, reframing the opposition) |
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Term
| Who developed Interpersonal Needs Theory? When? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Interpersonal Needs Theory? |
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Definition
| the tendency to create and sustain relationships depends on how well they meet three basic needs: affection (loving), inclusion (to be included in social settings), and control (the desire to influence the people and events in our lives) |
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Term
| How do we assign meanings to romantic relationships? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three broad phases of the development of romantic relationships? |
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Definition
1. Growth (Escalation)
2. Navigation
3. De-Escalation |
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Term
| What does growth include in the development of romantic relationships? |
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Definition
- Individuality: each have different wants and needs
- Invitational Communication: signal they are interested
- Explorational Communication: reduce uncertainty, self-disclose, finding similarities and differences
- Intensifying Communication: spend time together, knowing the person
* Revising Communication: doesn't happen in every relationship - problems recognized, evaluated, and fixed or not
- Commitment: decision to stay with the relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| how you view yourself is going to influence who you're attracted to |
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Term
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Definition
| Where we live, work, and socialize |
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Term
| What does navigation include in the development of romantic relationships? |
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Definition
- on going process of staying committed and living a life together despite issues
- center of intimacy is the specific culture created within the relationship
- place making: process of creating a comfortable personal environment |
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Term
| What is involved in the deterioration of a romantic relationship? |
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Definition
- Intra psychic process: begin to feel dissatisfied with the relationship
- Dyadic process: breakdown of established patterns
- Social support: look to friends and family for support
- Grave Dressing Process: burying the relationship and accepting its end
- Resurrection: move on |
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Term
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Definition
| bringing up all faults even if they are irrelevant to the issue being discussed |
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Term
| Who developed the Social Exchange Theory? When? |
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Definition
| John Thibaut & Harold Kelly. 1959 |
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Term
| What is the Social Exchange Theory? |
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Definition
| relationship behavior and status regulated by both parties evaluations of perceived rewards and costs of interaction with each other - we compare benefits gained versus costs to determine the value of the relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| elements of relational life with negative value |
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Term
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Definition
| elements of relational life with positive value |
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Term
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Definition
| whether people continue in a relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| your personal standard for the interpersonal outcome - how you feel relationships should be based on previous comparisons |
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Term
| Comparison Level of Alternatives (CLalt) |
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Definition
| comparing current relationship with another possible relationship |
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Term
| What are the four outcomes in Social Exchange Theory? |
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Definition
1. Outcomes greater than comparison level we are satisfied
2. Outcomes less than comparison level we are dissatisfied
3. Outcomes greater than comparison level we will choose to stay
4. Outcomes worse than comparison level we will terminate the relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| a series of actions designed to achieve a goal |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree of dependence a person has on another for outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to affect a partner's outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
| the power to change another's behavior |
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Term
| What are the ten forms of nonverbal communication? |
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Definition
1. Kinesics
2. Haptics
3. Physical Appearance
4. Olfactics
5. Artifacts
6. Procemics
7. Environmental Factors
8. Chronemics
9. Paralanguage
10. Silence |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to body position and body motions including the face |
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Term
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Definition
| nonverbal communication involving physical touch |
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Term
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Definition
| includes physiological characteristics and the way we manage it |
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Term
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Definition
| a term for our perception of odors and scents |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four zones of proxemics and how far are they? |
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Definition
1. Intimate Zone: 0-12 inches
2. Personal Zone: 1-3 feet
3. Social Zone: 3-6 feet
4. Public Zone: 6+ feet |
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Term
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Definition
| how we perceive and use time to define identities and interaction |
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Term
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Definition
| how we design our space or environment which includes artifacts |
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Term
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Definition
| communication that is vocal but not actual words |
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