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Exam One
Exam One
48
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
10/08/2013

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Term
Muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell
Definition
size
Term
Physiologic Atrophy
Definition
normal decrease in cell size
Term
Anaphylaxis
Definition
The most rapid and severe immediate hypersensitivity type I reaction
Term
Cell Mediated
Definition
Secondary Contact activates a type IV Hypersensitivity  rx that causes
Term
Alloimmune
Definition

immunologic rx transfussion 

transplant tissue

fetus during pregnancy

Term
IgE
Definition
Allergy rx are expressed
Term
Delayed Hypersensitivty
Definition
rx to dermatitis is a delayed hypersensitivity-takes up to 72 hours to develop
Term
Anaphylaxis
Definition

Happens within minutes of RE-expposure to antigen

Systemic=generalized 

Cutaneous=localized

Term
IV Hypersensitivity
Definition
Tuberculosis testing is an example
Term
Innate Immunity
Definition
gained at birth
Term
Epithelial Cells
Definition
Considered part of innate immunity
Term
Purpose of inflammatory process
Definition
Prevent infection of injured tissue
Term
Mast Cells
Definition
Major component of inflammation that initiates degranulation
Term
Edema
Definition
At site of injury the increased vascular perm. and fluid loss out of vessels cause edema
Term
Chemotaxis
Definition

Process by which leukocytes undergo migration

Taxi to injury site

Term
Neutrophil
Definition
Major Phagocyte of Early Inflammation
Term
Kinin
Definition
Promotes Pain and clotting
Term
Prostoglandins
Definition

increased vascular permeability 

neutrophil chemotaxis

pain 

Term
Differentiate btwn leukotrienes and histamine
Definition
Leukotrienes are released slower and longer than histamine
Term
Fibrin
Definition
End product of clotting system
Term
Eosinophils
Definition
Primary defense against parasites.
Term
Interleukin-1
Definition
responsible for fever production
Term
Primary Actions of Complement
Definition

Increased vascular perm.

chemotaxis

opsonization 

cell killing

Term
Symptoms of acute inflammation
Definition

heat

erythema

pain

swelling

loss of function

Term
signs of inflammation
Definition

redness

swelling

heat

pain

Term
Antigens
Definition
initiate clonal selection
Term
Bone Marrow
Definition
B cells derived from here
Term
Transectional Concept
Definition
Stress can be viewed as a transectional concept
Term
Structional Changes as a result of repeated stressors
Definition
Ulceration in the gastrointestional tract
Term
Alarm Stage
Definition
General Adaptation Syndrome the alarm stage is manifested by the arousal of the body's defenses
Term
Exhaustion
Definition
Occurs if adaption is not successful
Term
Scenario: You are unprepared to take the patho exam, right before it you panic what is happening to your glucose stores?
Definition
Glucagon releases supply of glucose
Term
Epinephrine
Definition
activates adrenergic resceptors
Term
Norepinephrine
Definition

regulates blood pressure

promotes arousal 

increased viligance

increased anxiety 

other various protective responses

Term
Catecholamines
Definition

Epinephrine 

Norepinephrine

Term
Cortisol
Definition
Stress induced stimulation of the adrenal cortex secretes cortisol
Term
Cortisol
Definition
Suppresses Th 1 responses
Term
Stress Age Syndrome
Definition

Increased thyroxine 

Immunodepression

Increased catecholamine secretion

hypercoagulation of the blood

free radical damage

Term
Antibodies
Definition
Produced by plasma cells in the lymp nodes and other lymphoid tissue
Term
Neutrophils
Definition
55% percent of leukocytes in adults first responder to injury site
Term
Eosinophils
Definition

phagocytes 

capable of movement 

granular 

Term
Macrophages
Definition
Mature monocytes
Term
Spleen
Definition
site of hematopoiesis in fetus
Term
Hypoxia
Definition
stimulatws production of erythropoietin
Term
Thrombin
Definition
aggregation is dependant on
Term
Normal Leukocyte Count
Definition
5,000-10,000mm^3
Term
Antigens
Definition
initiate clonal selection
Term
Production of Antibodies
Definition
occurs by plasma cells which mature from lymphocytes (B cells) in response to and Antigen
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