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Definition
| Humans do things for multiple reasons, some of which, they are unaware. |
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Definition
| Whether our behavior is determined by biology or our experiences. |
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Term
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Definition
| The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism's physical state, mental state, and external environment. |
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| Psychology's Four Main Goals |
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Definition
| 1. Be able to describe behavior.
2. Arrive at a better, more in-depth understanding of behavioral phenomena.
3. Attempt to predict behavior.
4. Be able to control behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Acquire new knowledge about numerous topics and behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Pure or Basic Research: Done simply for the pursuit of knowledge.
2. Applied Research: Where there is a specific problem for which an intervention of some sort would be helpful.
3. Program-Evaluation Research: Where a program hopes to achieve one goal or another. |
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Term
| Conclusion of Adams, Wright, & Lohr (1996) |
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Definition
| Men who vociferously oppose homosexuality either deny or are unaware of their own homoerotic impulses. |
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Term
| Number of Different Types of Psychologists |
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Definition
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| Main National Organization of Psychology |
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Definition
| American Psychological Association (APA) |
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Term
| Purpose of Clinical/Counseling Psychologists and Difference Between The Two |
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Definition
Assess and treat individuals, couples, and families with psychological and behavioral problems as well as conduct research and teach at instiutions of higher education.
Difference: Clinical psychologists focus on serious psychological problems among the general populations where counseling psychologists focus more on less severe adjustments problems, particularly among ocllege students and adults. |
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| Purpose of School Psychologists |
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Definition
| Assess, make interventions, consult with teachers and parents, and provide counseling to children and their families. |
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Term
| Purpose of Experimental Psychologists |
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Definition
| Conduct research, usually focusing on the nervous sstem, sensation and perception, and learning and memory, while using nonhuman animals as their subjects. |
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| Purpose of Educational Psychologists |
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Definition
| Improve the educational system for children by improving the curriculum, enhancing or implementing teaching strategies and optimizing classroom settings. |
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Term
| Purpose of Industrial/Organizational Psychologists |
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Definition
| Investigate ways to improve work settings, create tests that companies can use to hire and promote employees, and develop strategies to maximize profits. |
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| Purpose of Consumer Psychologists |
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Definition
| Determine product location for maximum customer response and purchase. |
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Term
| Purpose of Personality and Developmental Psychologists |
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Definition
| Study various facets of personality and create tests for measuring personalit traits and constructs, often focusing on attachment, cognitive development, and identity formation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Something we think exists, have difficulty proving that it exists, and the only evidence we have for its existence is based on the information provided to us by some instrument that measures its existence. |
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Term
| Examples of Personality Constructs |
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Definition
| Self-esteem, aggression, adjustment, and anxiety. |
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Term
| Purpose of Social Psychologists |
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Definition
| Investigate how individuals behave when among a group of people, including attraction to others, prejudice and discrimintation, conformity, and persuasion. |
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| Purpose of Sports Psychologists |
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Definition
| Motivate athletes, maximize their concentration, and lower their performance anxiety. |
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Term
| Purpose of Forensic Psychologists |
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Definition
| Prevent crime, investigate how jurors might think about a particular case, and provide expert testimony. |
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Term
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Definition
| View behavioral and emotional problems from a medical point of view, treat via medicine, and often work with psychologists to help a client. |
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Term
| Country of Psychology's Origin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pursuit of knowledge by means of systematically controlled experimentation and measurement. |
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Term
| William Wundt's Contribution |
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Definition
| Proclaimed psychology to be a science, set up the first psychology research laboratory in Germany, and established structuralism. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that conscious experience could be broken down into three basic structures (sensations, feelings, and images) through introspection. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of self-observation by which an individual more or less critiques his or her own thoughts and feelings. |
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Term
| G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924) |
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Definition
| One of Wundt's students who brought Psychology to the US, founding and being the first president of the APA in 1892. |
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Term
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Definition
| Founded by William Hames and asked how a conscious experience aided us in functioning in our environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Examines the role of behavior in helping us adapt to our environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Attempts to delineate the biological basis of humans' behavior. |
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Term
| Binet-Simon and Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales |
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Definition
| Used to assess children's intelligence and founded the testing and measuring movement of Psychology. |
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Term
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Definition
| Developed the technique of psychoanalysis and determined that individuals act on a combination of biological drive and psychological needs and are unaware of their own motives. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unresolved psychological issues. |
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Term
| Purpose of Psychoanalysis |
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Definition
| Help disturbed patients discover the hidden or underlying causes of some of their current behaviors and feelings and minimize the impace the conflict has on their current adult functioning. |
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Term
| The Two Primary Instincts |
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Definition
| Sexual (facilitate the survival of our species) and Aggressive (to be capable of competing for necessities) |
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Term
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Definition
| Feeling better after simply talking about problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| One who thinks that much of who we are today has already been determined for us. |
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Term
| "The Royal Road Into The Unconcious" |
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Definition
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Term
| John B. Watson's Approach |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Focus only on those behaviors that can be observed, manipulated, and measured. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulus-Response Patterns: Result of one situation reinforces cause. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| How we perceived events and advocate that we must connsider the whole context because there are different interpretations depending on the whole context. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fundamental way learning occurs: "light bulb". |
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Term
| Carl Rogers, Rollo May, and Abraham Maslow Approach |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Focus on the positive qualities manifested by humans and the free will that humans use to write their own destinies. By this, humans only engages in bad behavior when their needs are not met. |
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Term
| First, Second and Third "Forces" |
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Definition
1. Psychoanalytical
2. Behavioral
3. Humanistic |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Humans are products of their particular cultures or subcultures and culture shapes how individuals respond to others, make decisions, hold attitudes, beliefs, and values, and approach life in general. |
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Term
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Definition
| States there is more diversity within any given ethnic or cultural group than there is between ethnic groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| All of our beliefs and behaviors exist because they have evolved over time and have aided us in survival. Humans have a biological need to survive which requires passing our genes on to a new generation. |
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Term
| Women Who Have Contributed |
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Definition
| Ana Freud, Karen Horney, Elizabeth Loftus |
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Term
| First Person of Afican Ancestry to Obtain a Doctorate Degree in Psychology |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Conducted multiple studies on counseling African Americans |
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Term
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Definition
| Published over 50 studies in the area of mental health services for Latinos/Hispanics. |
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