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Exam One Terms
Vocab
31
Art History
Undergraduate 2
09/20/2011

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Term
Sarchophagus
Definition
A coffin, usually of stone. (Latin "consumer of flesh")
Term
stigmata
Definition
InChristian art, wounds Christ recieved at his crucifixion that miraculously appear on the body of a saint.
Term
tempera
Definition
A technique of painting using pigment mixed with egg yolk, glue, or casein; also, the medium itself.
Term
illuminated manuscript
Definition
A luxurious handmade book with painted illustrations and decorations.
Term
Monastic orders
Definition
(Franciscans, Dominican)- An organization of monks living according to the same rules, for example, the Benedictine, Franciscan, and Dominican orders
Term
Renaissance
Definition
Period in Europe during the 14th-16th centuries where there was a rebirth of art and culture. French, "rebirth". Term used to describe history, culture, art. Where artists consciously revived the classical style
Term
fresco
Definition
Italian for "fresh". Painting on lime plaster, either dry (fresco secco) or wet (true, or buon fresco). In the latter method, the pigments are mixed with water and become chemically bound to the freshly bound to the freshly laid lime plaster. One of the most permanent painting techniques.
Term
barrel-vault
Definition
The rectangular hall that has six narrow windows only on it south wall, which left an entire north wall an unbroken and well-illuminated surface for painting. In the Arena chapel in Padua. Also called tunnel vault-extension of a simple arch creating a semi cylindrical over parallel walls.
Term
foreshortened
Definition
The use of perspective to represent in art the apparent visual contraction of an object that extends back in space at an angle to the perpendicular plane of sight.
Term
triptych
Definition
A three-paneled painting, ivory plaque, or altarpiece. Also, portable shrine with hinged wings used for private devotion.
Term
chiaroscuro
Definition
In drawing or painting, the treatment and use of light and dark, especially the gradations of light that produce the effect of modeling.
Term
fons vitae
Definition
The fountain of everlasting life. The modern name for this is the well of Moses but called fons vitae by the Carthusians.
Term
Holy Eucharist
Definition
The taking in of Christ's body and blood as a way to remember him. The center of mass. The partaking of bread and wine- either Christ himself or symbolic of him.
Term
retable
Definition
An architectural screen or wall above and behind an alter, usually containing painting, sculpture, carving or other decorations.
Term
sfumato
Definition
Italian, "smokey". A smoke like haziness that subtly softens outlines in the painting. Particularly applied to the paintings of Leonardo da Vinci and Correggio.
Term
finial
Definition
A crowning ornament.
Term
diptych
Definition
A two paneled painting or altarpiece; also, an ancient Roman, Early Christian, or Byzantine hinged writing tablet. Often of ivory and carved on the external sides.
Term
humanism
Definition
In the Renaissance, an emphasis on education and on expanding knowledge (especially of classical antiquity) the exploration of individual potential and a desire to excel, and a commitment to civic and moral duty.
Term
contrapposto
Definition
The disposition of the human figure in which one part is turned in opposition to another part (usually hips and legs one way, shoulders and chest another), creating a counter positioning of the body about its central axis. Sometimes called "weight-shift"- tension to one side, relaxation to other.
Term
one-point linear perspective
Definition
A horizon line and one vanishing point must be identified (on the line) then orthogonals (diagonal lines) and drawn to create a grid.
Term
two-point linear perspective
Definition
Same as one-point, but two vanishing points are made.
Term
modeling
Definition
The shaping or fashioning of 3D forms in a soft material, such as clay. Also, the gradations of light and shade reflected from the surfaces of matter in space, or the illusion of such gradations produced by alterations of value in a drawing, painting or print.
Term
oculus
Definition
Latin, "eye". The round central opening of a dome. Also, a small round window in a Gothic Cathedral.
Term
trompe l'oeil
Definition
French- "fools the eye". A form of illusionistic painting that aims to deceive viewers into believing they are seeing real objects rather than a representation of those objects.
Term
naturalism
Definition
The style of painted or sculptured representation based on close observation of the natural world that was at the core of the classical tradition.
Term
sacra conversazione
Definition
Italian- "holy conversation". A style of altarpiece painting popular after the middle of the 15th century, in which saints from different epochs are joined in a unified space and seem to be conversing either with one another or the audience.
Term
disegno
Definition
Italian- "drawing" and "design". Renaissance artists considered drawing to be the external physical manifestation of an internal intellectual idea of design.
Term
colorita
Definition
Italian, "colored" or "painted". A term used to describe the application of paint. Characteristic of the work of 16th century Venetian artists who emphasized the application of paint as an important element of the creative process.
Term
implied line
Definition
Lines that may not have been explicitly drawn, but that the composition of the work makes is appear that they are there. (Motions of characters that may lead your eye to another piece of the painting.)
Term
Protestant reformation
Definition
Widespread dissatisfaction with the Church in Rome led to this. Spit Christendom in half. Protestants objected to the sale of indulgences and rejected most of the sacraments of the Catholic Church. They also condemned ostentatious church decoration as a form of idolatry that distracted the faithful communication with God.
Term
impasto
Definition
A layer of thickly applied pigment.
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