ancient Roman Official: an administrative official with legal or fiscal powers -- "military governor"

Ex: Pontius Pilate, Coponius

Was a Roman aristocrat. After the banishment of the ethnarch Herod Archelaus from the tetrarchy of Judea in AD 6, Quirinius was appointed legate governor of Syria, to which the province of Judaea had been added for the purpose of a census. Brings up contradiction in Luke 2: 1-2 because it says that the census was conducted by Quirinius at the time of Jesus' Birth, actualyl born under Herod the Great (4 BCE)

Procurator/ Prefect said to have been the one to have Jesus crucified.

26-36 CE

"Free Rome"

Latin term referring to the Empire in its glory. Its span was 207 years (27BCE to 180 CE)

Also ideology of Empire.

Imperialism was justified to bring peace.

"Wherever Rome went so did peace"

Political Crises that lead to Religious Responses (587 BCE - 200 CE)

1. Babylonian Exile
2. Maccabean Revolt
3. First Revolt vs. Rome
4. Second Revolt vs. Rome

Destruction of First Temple of Solomon & Babylonian Exile (587 - 400BCE)

The end of ancient Kingdom of Isreal and beginnings of Judaism

Persians conquered Babylon. Exiled Isrealites came back and re-built temple.

"Hellenistic Crisis"

198 BCE Judea controlled by Seleucid Kingdom. 

167 BCE Greek King killed pig on altar (desecrates) temple

Maccabees win and introduces Hanukkah to celebrate rededication of Temple

Founding of "Second Hebrew commonwealth" under Hasmonean dynasty.

Old Mysteries: Eleusisian (Demeter and Persephone), Dionysus,

New: Isis and Osiris, Mithras, Syrian Goddess & The Great Mother.

those writings in the LXX (and the medieval Latin Vulgate), and used by early Christians, but later Removed from the Protestant or Rabbinic (TaNak) canons.

• Wisdom of Solomon (late 1st cent BCE)
• Tobit ( 2nd cent BCE)
• Judith (2nd cent. BCE)
• 1, 2 Maccabees (early 1st cent. BCE)

an extensive collection of other Jewish writings between 250 BCE - 200 CE, many of them in the name of older biblical figures

e.g., 1 Enoch, Testament of Moses, Martyrdom of Isaiah, etc. 

Often considered Scripture by some ancient Jewish and Christian groups (such as the Essenes), but not included in later Canons.

means "falsely written", a common practice in antiquity of writing works in the name of someone else; usually applied to works written in the name of some biblical figure

e.g., Solomon, Moses, Enoch, etc.

Translation of the Hebrem scriptures into Greek, but contains a number of additional works composed in Greek, e.g. Wisdom of Solomon ("the 700).

2nd to 1st cent. BCE

66-74 CE

Destruction of Second Temple. Initiates Rabbinic Reconstruction.

Pharisees emerge as leaders in religious, social, and political matters.

132 - 135 CE

Bar Kochba announced himself "king mesiah" and took control of Jerusalem. Romes acted swiftly and squashed rebellion.

Begins the split of Christianity and Judaism