Term
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Definition
| One of two or more alternate forms of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Form of reproduction in which offspring arise from only one parent |
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Term
| Biological species concept |
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Definition
Description of species as a population, or group of populations,
whose members can interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
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Term
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Definition
Disease or injury of plants marked by the formation of lesions,
withering, and death of parts (as leaves and tubers) |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual propagation of organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| Preparation of a bacterium (Bacillus thuringiensis) often modified by genetic engineering for use as a biopesticide against insects |
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Term
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Definition
| Absorbent material used to take a sample from the inside of the cheek |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) Protein that moves substances from one side of a membrane to another; 2)person, animal, or plant that harbors and transmits the causative agent of an infectious disease; 3) individual possessing a specified gene and capable of transmitting it to offspring but not expressing or only weakly expressing its phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual, organ, or part consisting of tissues of diverse genetic constitution |
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Term
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Definition
| Continuous molecule of DNA wrapped around protein in the nucleus of cells |
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Term
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Definition
Process of creating an organism from a single somatic cell or
cell nucleus that is genetically identical to the organism from
which the cell or nucleus was obtained |
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Term
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Definition
| Mode of inheritance in which two alleles are fully expressed in a heterozygote |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) Protection of animals, plants, and natural resources; 2) careful use of natural resources (such as trees, oil, etc.) to prevent them from being lost or wasted |
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Term
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Definition
| Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Stem, leaf, or root that is excised from a plant and used to grow a new plant |
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Term
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Definition
| Mating between two individuals that are heterozygous for two genes |
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Term
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Definition
Primary category of the plant kingdom, below Kingdom and
above Class |
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Term
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Definition
| Technique used especially for identification (as for forensic purposes) by extracting and identifying the base-pair pattern of an individual's DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Broadest (most inclusive) taxonomic category |
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Term
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Definition
| Allele that is expressed whenever it is present |
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Term
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Definition
| Congenital condition characterized by moderate to severe mental retardation, upward slanting eyes, a broad short skull, broad hands with short fingers, decreased muscle tone, and by trisomy of the human chromosome numbered 21 |
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Term
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Definition
| Severe progressive X-linked disease that causes atrophy of muscles of males marked by early childhood onset |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ecological species concept |
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Definition
| Notion that a species is a set of organisms adapted to a particular niche |
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Term
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Definition
| Suppression of the effect of a gene by a non-allelic gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Notion that a species is a lineage of ancestor-descendantpopulations that maintains its identity from other such lineages and that has its own evolutionary tendencies and historical fate |
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Term
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Definition
| Outside the living body of an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| No longer existing: lacking living representatives |
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Term
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Definition
| Offspring of the P generation in a genetic cross |
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Term
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Definition
| Offspring of the F1 generation in a genetic cross |
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Term
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Definition
| Any evidence of an organism from more than 10,000 years ago |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of mutation in which nucleotides are added or deleted by any number other than three, altering the reading frame |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sequence of DNA that encodes a specific protein or RNA molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| Passage and establishment of genes typical of one breeding population into the gene pool of another |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) Manner in which atoms or radicals are connected by chemical bonds in a molecule; 2) Relationship between genes on the same chromosome that causes them to be inherited together |
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Term
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Definition
| Treatment that replaces a faulty gene in a cell with a functioning version of the gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Scientific study of how genes control the characteristics of plants and animals |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual’s combination of alleles for a particular gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Organism produced by genetic engineering |
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Term
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Definition
| Propagate plants by causing a scion to unite with a rootstock |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical place where an organism normally lives |
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Term
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Definition
| Natural process by which physical and mental qualities are passed from a parent to an offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| Possessing two different alleles for a particular gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Possessing two identical alleles for a particular gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Chorea usually beginning in middle age that is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and progresses to dementia |
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Term
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Definition
Offspring of two organisms of different races, breeds, varieties,
species, or genera |
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Term
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Definition
| Marked vigor or capacity for growth often exhibited by crossbred animals or plants |
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Term
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Definition
| In the living body of an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| Interbreeding of closely related individuals especially to preserve and fix desirable characters of and to eliminate unfavorable characters from a stock |
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Term
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Definition
| Size-ordered chart of the chromosomes in a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Taxonomic category below domain |
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Term
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Definition
Abnormal condition in a male characterized by usually two X
and one Y chromosomes, infertility, smallness of the testicles,
sparse facial and body hair, and enlarged breasts |
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Term
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Definition
Process of getting a branch or shoot portion of a plant to root
while still attached to the parent plant |
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Term
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Definition
| Hybrid between a male lion and a female tiger |
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Term
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Definition
| Position in a chromosome of a particular gene or allele |
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Term
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Definition
Division of genetic material that halves the chromosome
number and yields genetically variable gametes |
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Term
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Definition
Describes any multisystem disease caused by errors in the
sequence of mitochondrial DNA |
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Term
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Definition
Mating between two individuals that are heterozygous for the
same gene |
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Term
| Morphological Species Concept |
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Definition
| Definition of species that is based solely on morphology |
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Term
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Definition
1) Organism or one of its parts composed of cells of more than
one genotype; 2) something made up of different things that
together form a pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| Any external agent that causes a mutation |
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Term
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Definition
| Change in the genes of a plant or animal that causes physical characteristics that are different from what is normal |
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Term
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Definition
| All resources a species uses for survival, growth, and reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
| Genetic information consisting of one or more codons that do not code for any amino acid and usually cause termination of the molecular chain in protein synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mating of individuals or stocks that are relatively unrelated |
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Term
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Definition
| First generation (true breeding) in a genetic cross |
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Term
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Definition
| Form of Fusarium wilt that affects bananas |
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Term
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Definition
| Origin or descent from a father |
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Term
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Definition
Proportion of individuals of a particular genotype that express
its phenotypic effect in a given environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Observable characteristic of an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| Multiple phenotypic effects of one genotype |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer of pollen to the female reproductive organs |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by more than one gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Represented by several or many types or subdivisions |
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Term
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Definition
Diagram that uses the genotypes of the parents to figure out the
possible results of a genetic cross |
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Term
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Definition
1) Difference between the least and greatest values of an
attribute; 2) Region in which a population lives, moves, and
feeds |
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Term
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Definition
Describes an allele whose expression is masked if a dominant
allele is present |
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Term
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Definition
Inability of a species to breed successfully with related species
due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic
barriers or differences |
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Term
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Definition
Connected series of neighboring populations, each of which
can interbreed with closely sited related populations, but for
which there exist at least two "end" populations in the series,
which are too distantly related to interbreed |
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Term
|
Definition
DNA sequence consisting of a small sequence of bases that are
repeated, which varies in size within a population |
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Term
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Definition
Two or more species that are nearly indistinguishable
morphologically |
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Term
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Definition
Disease that occurs mainly in people of African or
Mediterranean descent that causes deformed red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
Change in DNA sequence that does not change the amino acid
sequence when translated |
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Term
|
Definition
| Development of an embryo by cells other than germ cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Formation of one or more new species |
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Term
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Definition
| distinct type of organism |
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Term
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Definition
Gene for maleness found on the Y chromosome that has a key
role in development of the testes and determination of sex. |
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Term
|
Definition
Property of being unable to produce or incapable of
producing offspring |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Hereditary disorder affecting mostly individuals of eastern
European Jewish ancestry, that is marked by the accumulation
of lipids especially in nervous tissue, characterized by
weakness, macrocephaly, red retinal spots, hyperacusis, slowed
development, blindness, convulsions, paralysis, and death in
early childhood |
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Term
|
Definition
Mating an individual of an unknown genotype to a
homozygous recessive individual; the phenotypes of the
offspring reveal the unknown genotype |
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Term
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Definition
| ‘jumping genes’ Piece of genetic material that can move from one place to another and change the functions of genes. |
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Term
|
Definition
Describes parents in a genetic cross that are homozygous for a
particular gene |
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Term
|
Definition
Abnormal mass of tissue developing from cells growing out of
control |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cross between a male zebra and a female horse |
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