Term
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Definition
| Dietary Reference Intakes |
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Term
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Definition
| Estimated Average Requirements |
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Term
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Definition
| Recommended dietary allowances |
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Term
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Definition
| adequate intakes (vit/min) |
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Term
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Definition
tolerable upper level intakes- should not consume beyond this amount
exp. +Ca can cause kidney stones and interfere with iron absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| recommended dietary allowances (vit/min) AI or RDA not both |
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Term
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Definition
45-65% CHO
20-35% Fat
10-35% Protien |
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Term
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Definition
balance calories-portions (enjoy food, eat less)
increase FVI
1/2 grains whole
<1% milk
reduce sodium and drink water |
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Term
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Definition
lower sodium
^ fiber from FVI (8-10 servings)
low fat/free dairy- Ca and K
4-5 times/week vegetarian protein sources (nuts/seeds) |
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Term
| Factors of Eating Behaviors |
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Definition
1. demographics
2. psychosocial |
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Term
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Definition
1. age- ^ FVI
2. gender- ^ women
3. education- higher ed= higher income= ^FVI
4. more PA ^ FVI |
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Term
| Strongest correlates/predictors of FVI |
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Definition
1. self efficacy
2. social support
3. knowledge |
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Term
| Psychosocial predictors of FVI |
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Definition
3 correlates
barriers- awareness and ability to overcome
need strong intensions
stages of change focus |
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Term
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Definition
1. acculturation- adopting to different culture/country
2. meat/vegetarian preference
3. neophobia- fear of new foods
4. religiosity- not enough evidence
5. susceptibility/severity of disease- no difference |
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Term
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Definition
variety of info- exp. where, fresh, colors, season, storage, preparation
need SE or social support or behavior won't last |
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Term
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Definition
difficult for public/professionals to estimate- underestimate
menu labeling changes behavior as long as there is an alternative choice |
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Term
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Definition
can see count on menus online or ask
high cost
effect on revenue IF not given alternatives
low nutrient literacy |
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Term
| reengineering strategies for mindless eating |
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Definition
1. think 20% more or less
2. "mindless margin" 100+ gain, 100- lose (don't notice)
3. see all you eat
4. be your own tablescraper- smaller dishes
5. make overeating a hassle not habit (put away extras, serving dishes on counter, inconvenient storage)
6. avoid distractions
-"friend effect" more people, more you eat
7. expectations to be a better cook- descriptive
8. comfort foods more comforting- moderation, enjoy
9. gate keeper- take control of food around you
10. portion size |
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Term
| Factors and influence individuals/communities |
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Definition
1. knowledge
2. beliefs- importance
3. attitudes- shaped by beliefs
4. behavior |
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Term
| Benefits of Nutrition Ed. |
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Definition
1. informed choices
exp. organic vs non? |
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Term
| Challenges of Nutrition Ed. |
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Definition
| difficult to change behaviors, go BEYOND despensing knowledge, non-compliance |
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Term
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Definition
| gold standard for scientific information published in journal |
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Term
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Definition
| study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human population |
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Term
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Definition
1. human disease does NOT occur at random
2. causal and preventative factors of disease can be identified through systematic investigation |
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Term
| Objectives of Epidemiology |
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Definition
1. determine extent of disease found in community
2. evaluate new preventative measures
3. learn about natural history and course of disease
4. identify causes (including risk factors) of diseases
5. provide foundation for public policy development |
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Term
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Definition
1. develop hypothesis
2. test hypothesis
3. collect and analyze data
4. assess validity of association (no chance, bias, confounders)
5. association cause and effect? |
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Term
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Definition
| random error, must rule out |
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Term
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Definition
no difference exists in what you are researching
exp. FVI has no association with BMI |
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Term
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Definition
| rejecting null hypothesis when it is true |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
lower, stronger association
<0.05 high association (not due to chance/ random error)
>0.05 low association, results may be due to chance/re) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| NONrandom error leading to distortion of results |
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Term
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Definition
| non-comparable enrollment criteria |
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Term
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Definition
| criteria used to classify participants leads to misclassification of disease |
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Term
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Definition
investigator knows disease status and interprets data noncomparably
-make sure they are aware to prevent |
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Term
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Definition
subjects report events concombarably
exp. more concerned when diagnosed with disease, not diet |
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Term
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Definition
differences in groups
exp. not participating, tracking subgroups |
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Term
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Definition
causally related to the disease under study AND is associated with the exposure under study
exp. smoking in gambling>lung cancer relationship |
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Term
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Definition
1. design of study- randomizing, matching others
2. analysis of study (multivariate analysis to control for associated variables) |
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Term
| Types of epidemiological studies |
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Definition
| descriptive and analytical |
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Term
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Definition
study of amount and distribution of disease within a population by person, place, and time
-provides patterns of disease occurrence |
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Term
| Types of descriptive studies |
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Definition
| population and individuals |
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Term
| Population descriptive epi studies |
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Definition
| correlational (not causation), ecologic aggregate |
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Term
| Individual descriptive epi studies |
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Definition
1. case report
2. case series |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| describes characteristics of a number of patients with a given disease |
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Term
| Strengths of descriptive epi studies |
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Definition
useful to generate hypothesis, never answer
quick and inexpensive (already data collected) |
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Term
| Weaknesses of descriptive epi studies |
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Definition
not analytical
not generalizable to individuals |
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