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| the brightness of a star as seen from earth |
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| the initial explosion that, according to theory resulted in the formation and expansion of the universe |
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| a star system that contains two stars |
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| the remains of an extermely massice star pulled into a samll volume by the force of gravity. |
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| a pattern of stars in the sky. |
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| a galaxy shaped like a falttened ball tat can cantain mostly old stars. |
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| a giant structure that contains dust,gases,and hundereds of billions of stars. |
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| a very large star, much larger than the sun |
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| a very large star, much larger than the sun |
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| a galaxy that does not have a regualr shape |
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| the distance that light travels in one year. |
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| a large amount of gas and dust in space spread out in an immense volume. |
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| a tiny star that remanins after a supernova explosion |
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| a building that contains one or more telescopes |
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| the apparent change in position of an object when seen from different places |
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| a contracting could of gas and dust, the earliest stage of a stars life |
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| a neutron star that produces radio waves |
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| a distant galaxy witha black hole at its center |
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| an instrument that breaks the lgiht from one object into colors that photographs the resulting spectrum. |
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| a galaxy whose arms curve outward in a pinwheel pattern |
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| the explosion of a dying giant or supergiant star |
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| all of space and everything in it |
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| the remaining hot core of a star after its outer layers have expanded and drifted out into space |
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| a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means |
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| the smallest particle of an element |
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| the control center of the cell that directs the cells activities and determines the cells characteristcs; also the central core of and atom containing protons and usually neutrons |
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| a small positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom |
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Definition
| small uncharged particle in the neucleus of an atom |
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| a tiny negatively chraged, high-energy particle that moves in the spcae outside the neucleus of an atom |
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| the number of protons in the neucleus of an atom |
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| the average mass of one atom of an element |
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| the electrons that are farthest away from or most loosly held or by the neucleus of an atom and are involved in chemical reactions |
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| the force that holds two atoms together |
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| a representation of the number of valence electrons in an atom, using dots placed around the symbol of an element |
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| an arrangement of the elements in order of atomic number numbers in which elements w. similar proerties are grouped in columns |
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| elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table;also called a family |
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| a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table |
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| an element that easily gives up its valence electron in a chemical reaction and that can be classified based on physical properties (such as hardness,shininess,ease of maleability and ductility) |
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| an element that lacks most of its properties of metals |
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| and element taht has some of the characteristics of metals and some of the chracteristics of nonmetals |
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| a process in which substances undergo chemical changes |
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| a solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction |
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| a reaction that absorbs energy in the form of hear |
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| a reaction that reeases energy in the form of hear |
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| a combination or two or more atoms that are bonded together |
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| a substance made of two or more substances that creates a new material |
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| a short, easy way to show a chemical reaction, using symbols instead of words |
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| a combination of symbols that shows the ratio of the elements in a compound |
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| a number in a chemical formula that tells the number of atoms in a molecule or that ratio of elements in a compound |
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| a substance that enters into a chemical reaction |
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| a substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction |
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| the principle stating that matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction |
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| a number placed in front of a chemical formula in an equation that indicates how many atoms or molecules of each reactant and product take part in the reaction |
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| a chemical reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a new more complex substance |
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| a chemical reaction that breaks down a compound into simpler products |
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| a reaction in which one element replaces another in a compound or in which two elements in different compounds trade places |
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| the minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
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| the amount of one material dissolved in a given amount of another material |
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| a material that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy |
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| a biological catalyst that lowers the activation energy of reactions in cells |
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| a material that decreases tha rate of a reaction |
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| a large complex molecule built from smaller molecules bonded together |
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| small carbon-based molecules that make up the links in a polymer chain |
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| a synthetic polymer that can be molded or shaped |
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| a combination of two or more substances that creates a new material |
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| a mixture made of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, that has the properties of a metal |
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| a hard crystalline solid made by heating clay and other materials to high temp. |
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| a clear, solid material w. no crystal structure, created by heating sandto a cery high temperature |
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| long thin strand of glass or plastic or plastic that can carry light for long distances w/o allowing the light to fade out; can be used for tansmitting messages |
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| an atom w. the same number of protons and different number or neutrons from other atoms of the same element |
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| the proces in which the atomic nucli of unstable isotopes release fast-moving paritlcles and energy |
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Definition
| a reaction involving the praticles in the nucleus of an atom that can change one element into another element |
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| a form of neuclear radiation consisting of two protons and two neutrons |
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| a electron that is given off by its neucleus during radioactive decay |
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| a form of neclear radiation consisting of high-energy waves |
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| the length of time needed for half of the atoms of a radioactive isotope to decay |
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| the process of determination the age of an object using the half-life of one or more radioactive isotoeps |
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| a radioactive isotope that can be followed through the steps of a chemical reaction or industrial process |
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| a process in which radioactive elements are used to destroy unhealthy cells. |
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| a characteristc that an organisim can pass on to its offspring thorugh its genes |
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| the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
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| a segment of DNA on a choromosome that codes for a specific trait |
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| an organism that always produces offspring w. the same form of a trait as itself |
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| the different forms of a gene |
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| an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
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| an allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present |
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| an organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygus for a particular trait |
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| the liklihood that a particular event will occur |
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| an organisms physical appearence or visible traits |
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| an organisms genitic makeup makeup; or allele combinations |
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| having two different alleles for a trair |
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| having two identical alleles for a trait |
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| a condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive |
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| three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait |
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| a gene carried on the X and Y chromosome |
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| a person who has one recessive allele for a trait one one dominant allele, but does not have a trait |
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| a chart, or family tree, that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait |
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| an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes |
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| a technique by which a samll amount of the fluid that surrounds a developing baby is removed; the fluid is analyzed to dertermine whether the baby will have a genetic diorder |
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| a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs |
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| the process of selecting a few organisms w. desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation |
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| a selective breeding method in which two individuals w. identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed |
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| a selective breeding method in which two genetically different individuals are crossed |
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| an organism that is geneetically identical to the organism from which it was produced |
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