Term
| Standard medium for disk diffusion susceptibility testing |
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Definition
| Mueller-Hinton Agar or Broth |
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Term
| Standard pH for disk diffusion susceptibility testing |
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Definition
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Term
Math the Other Susceptibility Testing Media with the MO:
Brain-Heart Infusion Agar |
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Definition
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Term
| McFarland Turbidity Standards Used to quantify what? |
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Definition
| Estimates the number of bacterial cells (CFU) within 1 mL fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| 0.5 McFarland (1.5 x 108 CFU/mL) |
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Term
| Nephelometer measures what? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 types of inoculum preparation |
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Definition
Log-phase growth
Direct colony suspension
Stationary-phase growth |
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Term
|
Definition
Inoculate MO into broth/saline
MO grown until turbidity reaches 0.5 McFarland |
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Term
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Definition
Add MO to broth/saline
Continue adding until turbidity reaches 0.5 McFarland |
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Term
|
Definition
Inoculate broth
Incubate until turbidity > 4 McFarland
Broth then diluted to 0.5 McFarland |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| If inoculum too _____ - Spotted growth pattern Susceptible to all antibiotics |
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Definition
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Term
| List 5 types of Susceptibility Testing |
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Definition
Broth Dilution
Agar Dilution
Disk Diffusion
E-Tests
Automated Testing Systems |
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Term
| What are 2 kinds of Broth Dilutions |
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Definition
-Macrodilution (test tube)
-Microdilution (MIC) |
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Term
| Broth Dilution - You should NOT wait longer than how many minutes to use inoculum? |
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Definition
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Term
| When checking your broth dilution, if any test is faulty do you report the results? |
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Definition
| No, If any test is faulty Do NOT Report Results! |
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Term
| With Broth Dilution, what do you result? |
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Definition
| Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) |
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Term
| Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) |
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Definition
| Lowest drug concentration with no visible growth |
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Term
| What is the Standard reference method for susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria & Neisseria gonorrhoea |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you need to do to Antibiotic Disks before you use them? |
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Definition
| Warm Antibiotic Disks to RT before use |
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Term
| Mueller Hinton Agar - Agar depth must be uniform at _____ mm |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you store/handle Agar media? |
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Definition
Store in refrigerator
Warm plates to RT & remove excess moisture before use |
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Term
| Disk Application - Large plate gets how many disks? |
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Definition
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Term
| Disk Application - Small plate gets how many disks? |
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Definition
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Term
| Endpoint for most drugs = |
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Definition
| Area with no visible growth |
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Term
| As Zone Size Increases, what happens to the MIC Value? |
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Definition
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Term
| As Zone Size Decreases, what happens to the MIC Value? |
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Definition
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|
Term
True or False:
When performing the broth dilution tests, microtiter trays should be covered to prevent drying and stacked no more than four trays high in a stack. |
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Definition
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Term
| E-Test - Result the MIC value as the ____ |
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Definition
| Lowest point of the elliptical zone of inhibition |
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Term
Beta-Lactamase Test - Tests MO for Beta-lactamase production :
H. influenzae & GC ARE ______ |
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Definition
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Term
Beta-Lactamase Test - Tests MO for Beta-lactamase production :
Staphylococcus IS ______ |
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Definition
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Term
Beta-Lactamase Test Is or Is NOT appropriate for the following:
H. flu, GC, SA, M. catarrhalis, Enterococci, & Bacteroides |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta-Lactamase Test: Nitrocefin-Cefinase is NOT appropriate for what? |
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Definition
| Enterics, PSAR, nonfermenters |
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Term
| ESBL Test & Modified Hodge Test are considered special suscpetibility tests for what MOs? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
ESBL Test - Must have a difference of >5 mm between these 2 readings to be ESBL + |
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Definition
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Term
| Report ESBL + enterics “R” to what? |
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Definition
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Aztreonam |
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Term
| Modified Hodge Test confirms what? |
|
Definition
| carbapenemase-producing MOs |
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Term
| Modified Hodge Test - ALL Beta-Lactams should be reported as what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does a Positive Modified Hodge Test look like? |
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Definition
MO produces carbapenemase which
destroys the antibiotic, allowing E. coli to grow up to the disk |
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Term
Special Susceptibility Tests
for Staphylococci: |
|
Definition
Cefoxitin Screen Disk Test
Oxacillin Salt Screen
PBP2a – Latex Agglutintaion
D Test |
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Term
| Cefoxitin Screen Disk Test is used to predict what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cefoxitin Screen Disk Test - Incubate at what temperature for how many hours? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cefoxitin Screen Disk Test - Report results for what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxacillin Salt Screen - What indicates Resistance? |
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Definition
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Term
| PBP2a Latex Screen Detects what? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
MRSA are “R” to ALL beta-lactams regardless of lab results |
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Definition
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|
Term
True or False:
MRSA - “R” to OX = “R” to all beta-lactams |
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Definition
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|
Term
True or False:
MRSA - “R” to cefoxitin = “R” to all beta-lactams |
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Definition
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|
Term
True or False:
May treat CA-MRSA with erythromycin or clindamycin if both “S” |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does the D test determine? |
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Definition
| if there is an induced resistance of Clindamycin |
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Term
| If the D-Test is Positive what do you report the MO as? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Vancomycin “R” Staphylococci - Acceptable Testing Methods |
|
Definition
BHI agar with Vanc disk (6 μg/ml)
Broth & Agar dilution tests
E-test
Validated automated commercial systems |
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Term
Special Susceptibility Tests for
Enterococci |
|
Definition
Aminoglycoside Resistance
Vancomycin Resistance |
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Term
True or False:
Low level aminoglycoside “R” (Intrinsic)
Exhibited by all enterococci |
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Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
High-level aminoglycoside “R” (Acquired) Cannot be treated with combination therapy of aminoglycoside + cell synthesis inhibitor |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How are High-level aminoglycoside “R” (Acquired) detected? |
|
Definition
special gentamicin & streptomycin ASTs
Use high level aminoglycoside concentration
Incubate for 24 hours |
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Term
True or False:
Intrinsically “R” enterococci rarely cause disease |
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Definition
|
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Term
What are the following considered:
E. faecalis & E. faecium |
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Definition
| Acquired Vancomycin “R” Enterococci |
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Term
| For Vancomycin “R” Enterococci, what do you use to screen? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How long do you incubate BHI Vancomycin Agar? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| BHI Vancomycin Agar, how many colonies indicates "R" |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Special Susceptibility Tests for
Strep pneumoniae |
|
Definition
Oxacillin Disk Screen
Penicillin E-Test |
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Term
| If Oxacillin “R”, perform |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Agar dilution is standard reference method for susceptibility testing of ____ ____ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Schlichter tests measure what? |
|
Definition
| activity of patient’s serum against patient’s infecting MO |
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Term
| Schlichter tests - Trough |
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Definition
| Collected before patient given dose - low |
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Term
|
Definition
| Collected 30 to 90 minutes after dose - high |
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Term
| Serum Inhibitory Titer (SIT) |
|
Definition
| highest serum dilution with no visible growth |
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Term
| Serum bactericidal titer (SBT) |
|
Definition
| highest dilution that kills 99.9% of the inoculum |
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Term
What is the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for the following:
Klebsiella |
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Definition
| “R” to ampicillin, carbenicillin, & ticarcillin |
|
|
Term
What is the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for the following:
Enterobacter |
|
Definition
| “R” to ampicillin & 1st generation cephalosporins |
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|
Term
What is the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for the following:
Stenotrophomonas |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| An Enterococcus isolated from multiple blood cultures in a patient with endocarditis should be: |
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Definition
| Screened for high level aminoglycoside resistance |
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Term
| A direct beta-lactamase test was requested on P. aeruginosa. The technologist should: |
|
Definition
| Not perform test – not appropriate for P. aeruginosa |
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Term
| The procedure that assures the most accurate detection of mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance in routine broth microdilution susceptibility testing against S. aureus is: |
|
Definition
| use of cefoxitin for testing |
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|
Term
| The most sensitive substrate for the detection of beta-lactamases is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After satisfactory performance of daily disk diffusion susceptibility QC is documented, the frequency of QC can be reduced to: |
|
Definition
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