Term
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Definition
| taste, flavor, mouthfeel of meat, dairy, other foods |
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Term
| Examples of Lipids in animal nutrition: |
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Definition
| Soy or corn oil, poultry fat, choice white grease (pork), tallow (beef), animal-vegetable blend |
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Term
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Definition
| Source of energy – most dense, Carrier for fat-soluble vitamins, Source of essential fatty acids - Essential nutrients, Important part of cell membrane, Insulation, Protection of organs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (glycerol + 3 fatty acids) |
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Term
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Definition
| mostly saturated fatty acids; solid at room temp. |
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Term
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Definition
| mostly unsaturated fatty acids; liquid at room temp. |
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Term
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Definition
| (fatty acids + other alcohols) |
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Term
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Definition
| (alcohol + fatty acids + prosthetic group) |
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Term
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Definition
| (hydrolyzed parts of simple or compound lipids), Free fatty acids, Glycerol, Cholesterol, Steroid hormones (androgen, estrogen, progestins), Vitamins A, D, E, K |
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Term
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Definition
| Most fatty acids in plants and animals are stored as triglycerides |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| All fatty acids made in nature cis unsaturated FA, Monounsaturated: 1 double bond, Polyunsaturated: 2 or more |
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Term
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Definition
| Cis unsaturated to trans unsaturated |
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Term
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Definition
| Saturated - rigid, solid at room temperature, longer and more bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| Unsaturated - flexibility, liquid at room temperature, shorter and fewer bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| Cholesterol, Fat-soluble vitamins, and steriod hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted in the duodenum and hydrolyze ester bonds between glycerol and other fatty acids |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted in the duodenum, and activate the pancreatic lipase |
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Term
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Definition
| products of repackaged triglycerides inside the enteroctye from the jejunum and coated with proteins. Cross the enterocyte to lymphatic system, then go to bloodstream and broken done by lipoprotein lipase to be distributed |
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Term
| Lipid Digestion in Ruminants |
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Definition
| Rumen microbes hydrolze triglcerides; glycerol fermented to volatile fatty acids and free fatty acids are saturaded by microbes (biohydrogenation) |
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Term
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Definition
| FFA converted to triglycerides for export (HDL), oxidized for ATP, or converted to ketone bodies for use by nerve cells in starvation |
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Term
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Definition
| FFA used by myocytes for energy or stored as triglycerides |
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Term
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Definition
| FFA mostly stored in triglycerides |
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Term
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Definition
| activated by insulin to hydrolize chylomicrons to triglyceride and FFAs |
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Term
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Definition
| anabolic process(release), fatty acid snythesis and triglyceride synthesis from stored FFA, in liver, adipose tissue, mammary gland primarily |
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Term
| Lipolysis and Fatty Acid oxidation |
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Definition
| catabolic process(store), FA enter mitochondria and beta oxidation begins, Primary substrate in monogastrics: glucose, Primary substrate in ruminants: acetate |
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Term
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Definition
| long term energy storage, most common, single large lipid droplet, fewer mitochondria, fewer capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| thermogenesis, small lipid droplets, many mitochondria, more capillaries, in young animals |
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Term
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Definition
| Vitamins A, D, E, K; transported into enterocytles by micelles |
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Term
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Definition
| high in vegetable fats/oils |
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Term
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Definition
| made from linoleic acid, found in fish oil |
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Term
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Definition
| found in animal fats, essential only if linoleic acid is limiting |
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Term
| Symptoms of EFA Deficiency |
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Definition
| Scaly skin, Loss of hair/feathering, Poor growth and performanc, Reproductive failure, Hemorrhage |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein -> peptide -> amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| Phenylalanine, Valine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Methionine, Histidine, Arginine, Leucine, Lysine, Mnemonic device: Pvt. Tim Hall |
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Term
| Amino Acids: Neutral aliphatic – Simple Chains |
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Definition
| Branched-chain amino acids, Play special regulatory roles in protein metabolism, non-aromatic hydrophobis side chains |
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Term
| Amino Acids: Neutral aromatic |
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Definition
| Aromatic ring structure, hydrophobic side chains |
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Term
| Amino Acids: Neutral sulfur-containing |
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Definition
| contain sulfur in side chains |
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Term
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Definition
| Make up 10-15% of proteins: Asn, Gin, and Glu fuels from gut tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| glycine/serine and proline required |
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Term
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Definition
| One AA is in the incorrect sequence = protein does not fold properly = incorrect or no functionality |
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Term
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Definition
| Tissue, blood, enzymes, hormones, antibodies,energy storage, and lubication |
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