Term
| Normal Resistance to Infection |
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Definition
-Anatomic, mechanical, and chemical barriers
-White Blood Cells (leukocytes)
-Inflammatory Response
-Fever
-Acquired Defenses
=Cellular and Acquired Immunity |
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Term
|
Definition
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria which are found in or on our bodies on a semi-permanent basis without causing disease |
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Term
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Definition
-Breaks in Skin and Mucous Membranes
-Invasive Devices
-Stasis of Body Fluids (urine, secretions from lungs)
-Improper Nutrition (Fat does not have good vascular supply, with infection body increase metabolism, obese more prone to wounds and infections)
-Stress and Hyperglycemia (stress causes hyperglycemia)
-Immune System Dysfunction (Aids, chemostherapy, immunosuppressive meds)
-Coexisting Medical Problems and Medications (cancer, any illness puts at risk for infection) |
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Term
| T/F? The first line of defense against infection is intact skin and mucous membranes covering body cavities. |
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Definition
True.
Rationale: The first line of defense against infection is intact skin and mucous membranes covering body cavities. They are the most important barriers to infection, and when they are intact, infection is rare. |
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Term
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Definition
Local vs. Systemic
Acute vs. Chronic
Healthcare-Associated Infections
Sepsis |
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Term
Local vs. Systemic (example)
Acute vs. Chronic
Healthcare-Associated Infections
Sepsis |
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Definition
Local = in a specific area
Systemic = throughout body (ex. bacteremia)
acute = short term develops rapidly
chronic = Long term
Healthcare-Associated Infections (from hospital)
Sepsis- SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome |
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Term
| Signs and symptoms of shock |
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Definition
BP high then drops
Increase RR
tachicardia
decreased mental status
decreased urine output
poor circulation |
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Term
|
Definition
Communicable Period
-Incubation period
-Prodromal period
-Acute phase of illness
-Convalescent period |
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Term
|
Definition
| Time when disease can be passed from one person to another |
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Term
1Incubation period
2Prodromal period
3Acute phase of illness
4Convalescent period |
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Definition
1. TIme b/t the pathogen's entranse into the host and the appearance of sypmtoms.
2. nonspecific symptoms occur(nausea, fever, weakness, or aches and pains)
3. Specific sypmtoms for an illness appear till when they start to subside.
4. Completion of the infection. |
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Term
| Manifestation of Infection (signs the body shows) |
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Definition
-Fever
-Increased Pulse and Respiratory Rate
-Inflammatory Symptoms
-Pain
-Purulent Drainage
-Enlarged Lymph Node
-Rash
-GI symptoms
-General malaise |
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Term
| When may a patient not have a fever? |
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Definition
| If they are immunocompromised. |
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Term
| What is Purulent Drainage? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| look sick, fatigue, droopy, tired, flushed looking, slassy eyes, hyperemia |
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Term
| Subjective questions about infection? |
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Definition
-have you been exposed to infection?
-Have any pain?
-functional impairment?
-Urinating?
-coughing? |
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Term
| Objective data for infection? |
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Definition
-General Inspection
-Vital Signs
-Auscultation of Breath Sounds
-Palpation
=Lymph Nodes
=Skin |
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Term
| Diagnostic Tests and Procedures |
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Definition
White Blood Count
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
C- Reactive Protein
Serology Test
Culture and Sensitivity |
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Term
|
Definition
-Shift to left = lots of baby WBCs means bacterial infection
-Low WBC = may be immunocompromised. |
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Term
| Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate measures what? |
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Definition
| -How much inflammation is in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| -show you have antibodies formed to fight a disease |
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Term
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Definition
| -grow a cultur of sputum, throat, wounds, stool, urine, nose, blood, etc. |
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Term
|
Definition
| -Expose to different antibiotics in a culture to see which antibiotics work. |
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Term
|
Definition
-Health Promotion
-Interventions for Altered Function
=Respiratory Interventions
=Fever Management
=Transmission Based Precautions
=Antimicrobial Therapy
=Wound Care |
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Term
| Structure of the skin from outer to inner? |
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Definition
| -epidermis, dermis, subcuataneous layer |
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Term
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Definition
| Most outer layer, has no vasucluar supply, sheds |
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Term
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Definition
| nourishes the epidermis, has vascular supply |
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Term
|
Definition
| fat tissue, thermal barrier, source of nurtients. |
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Term
|
Definition
Protection
Thermoregulation
Sensation
Metabolism
Communication |
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Term
|
Definition
| sweat, secretions, protection from sun, |
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Term
|
Definition
| touch receptors, pain receptors |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How does the skin help to communicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Factors Affecting Skin Integrity |
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Definition
-Circulation
-Lifestyle
-Condition of the Epidermis
=Moisture
-Allergy
-Infections
-Abnormal Growth Rate
-Disease/illness/fever/infection
-Trauma
-Mechanical Forces
=Friction
=Shear
=Pressure |
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Term
| How does lifestyle effect skin integrity? |
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Definition
| -nutirtion, mobility, hygeine, peircing, tattoos, smoking (impairs circulation) |
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Term
| Moisture of epidermis effects skin integrity how? |
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Definition
moisture too much = skin breakdown
too little= dry skin easily tears. |
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Term
| How does allergies effect skin integrity? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does infection effect skin integrity? |
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Definition
| when you have an infection you don't heal as well. |
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Term
| How does disease effect skin integrity? |
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Definition
| ex. diabetes causes peripheral neuropothy |
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Term
| Difference between mechanical forces, (friciton, shear, pressure? |
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Definition
friction= 2 surfaces rub together
shear= tissue layers more on each other (so skin folded on skin)
pressure=especially over bony parts |
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Term
|
Definition
-Decreased blood to tissue
-dead tissue |
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Term
| Issues with skin for the older adult? |
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Definition
-Xerosis (itchy, red cracked)
-Loss of Subcutaneous Fat
-Loss of Elasticity
-Regeneration Time
-Chronic Disease
-Increased Risk for Breakdown
-Increased Healing Time |
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Term
Of the following factors, which would put a client at greatest risk for impaired skin integrity?
a. the medication digoxin
b. moisture
c. decreased sensation
d. dehydration |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Intentional vs. Unintentional
Based on Skin Integrity
Descriptors
Level of Contamination (Surgical Wounds)
Length of Time for Healing
Depth of Wound |
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Term
| Intentional vs. Unintentional wounds? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Classification of a closed wound? |
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Definition
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Term
Pressure Ulcers, Bedsores, Decubitus(i)
-caused by? (movements?)
-most commonly occur?
-percentage of occurance? |
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Definition
-unrelieved pressure that compromises blood flow to the area resulting in ischemia (friction, shearing, moisture)
-over bony prominances
-15% hospital patients, 10% home care, 20% long term care |
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Term
| Skin Assessment/Inspection |
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Definition
-Color
-Integrity (WNL: Skin is warm, dry and intact)
-Texture
-Lesions
-Turgor/Moisture
-Edema
-Dressing |
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Term
| Skin Assessment/Palpation |
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Definition
Temperature
Tenderness
Crepitus
Edema |
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Term
| Skin Assessment/Measurement |
|
Definition
-Height, Weight, Depth
-Braden Scale
-Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests
=Tests for Infection |
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Term
| Signs and Symptoms of Infection |
|
Definition
-Acute Wounds
=Local Infection: purulent or foul smelling drainage, erythema, edema, warmth, increasing pain
=Systemic: fever, chills, general malaise, ^ WBC’s, ^ HR and RR
-Chronic Wounds: foul odor, change in the color of the wound bed, new tunneling, absence of granulation tissue, or it becomes friable (bleeds easily) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| pin point red non-raised marks, breaks in cappillary |
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Term
|
Definition
| elasticity, skin can change shape and return to normal |
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Term
|
Definition
| incision is a sub category of a wound, a wound is a sub category of a lesion. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| red, put pressure turns white |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| collection of blood under skin |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| epidermal cells reproducuce and migrate across surface of wound. |
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Term
|
Definition
| beefy, red and granular tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormally hard spot on skin |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Health promotion and patient teaching to keep good skin? |
|
Definition
| -hydration, lotion, eliminate moisture, keep clean not dry, nutrition, mobility, sun care |
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Term
| Preventing Skin Breakdown |
|
Definition
-Assessment
=Bony prominences
=Skin folds
=Braden Scale
-Meticulous Skin Care
=Do not massage over bony prominences
-Manage Moisture
-Promote Mobility
-Frequent position changes
=Avoid friction and shearing
-Use of therapeutic mattresses, cushions and pillows.
-Adequate Nutrition
=Vitamin C, Zinc, Protein and Fluids
-Patient and Family teaching |
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Term
| Purpose of Wound Dressings |
|
Definition
Protect from contamination and heat loss
Aid hemostasis
Absorb drainage
Debride the wound
Splint the wound site
Prevent drying of the wound bed
Keep the surrounding tissue dry and intact
Provide comfort to the patient |
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